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Número. 36. Vol. XIX. Ludus Vitalis

Revista científica. Nº 36 (Vol. XIX). Colección: Ludus Vitalis. 2011, Ciudad de México (México). Editado por: Centro de Estudios Filosóficos Políticos y Sociales Vicente lombardo Toledano de la Secretaría de Educación Pública, la Universitat de les Illes Balears, La Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa y la Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia

Ciencias Naturales, Ciencias Sociales: Evolucionismo, Ciencias de la Vida, Ciencias de la Computación, Ciencias de la Comunicación, Antropología, Etnología, Historia, Psicología, Sociología, Filosofía, Lenguaje y Lingüística.

Descripción: Este número está dedicado a evolucionismo, epistemología, lo humano, técnica y naturaleza, el juego de los conceptos, debates y un foro dedicado a “las posibilidades de la interdisciplina”. (Más información)

Peticiones de números impresos: bibliolomb@hotmail.com

Portada del libro:

Número. 35. Vol. XIX. Ludus Vitalis

Revista científica. Nº 35 (Vol. XIX). Colección: Ludus Vitalis. 2011, México (México). Editado por: Centro de Estudios Filosóficos Políticos y Sociales Vicente lombardo Toledano de la Secretaría de Educación Pública, la Universitat de les Illes Balears, La Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa y la Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia

Ciencias Naturales, Ciencias Sociales: Evolucionismo, Ciencias del Espacio, Ciencias de la Vida, Antropología, Sociología, Filosofía, Lenguaje y Lingüística, Literatura.

Descripción: Artículos sobre Evolucionismo, Epistemología, El Juego de los conceptos, Foro. Las posibilidades de la Interdisciplina, Debates, Reseñas. (Más información)

Peticiones de números impresos: bibliolomb@hotmail.com

¿ES POSIBLE Y DESEABLE LA INTERDISCIPLINARIEDAD ENTRE BIÓLOGOS Y FILÓSOFOS? UN ESTUDIO DE CASO (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 35 (2011)

Susana Gisela Lamas. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Argentina., sglamas@yahoo.com.mar

Palabras clave: interdisciplia, biología, filosofía, docencia, investigación.

¿ESTÁN LOS ÁMBITOS DISCIPLINARES PREPARADOS PARA UNA VERDADERA INTERDISCIPLINARIEDAD? (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 35 (2011)

Victor M. Longa. Área de Lingüística General, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, España., victormanuel.longa@usc.es

Palabras clave: interdisciplinariedad, multidisciplinariedad, transdisciplinariedad, lenguaje.

¿MORFOLOGÍA EN MONOS? DISCUSIÓN CRÍTICA DE UN SUPUESTO PROCESO DE AFIJACIÓN EN MONOS EN ESTADO SALVAJE (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 38 (2012)

Víctor M. Longa. Área de Lingüística General, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, España, victormanuel.longa@usc.es
Juan J. Lopez Rivera. Área de Lingüística General, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, España, juanjose.lopez.rivera@usc.es

This paper advances three stances. First, that fear is the key to the display of aggressiveness, whether defensive or offensive. Second, that violence is the behavior resulting from the aggressiveness put under the intentional control of consciousness and that the violence always occurs in a context of asymmetry of power. Third, that, when fear becomes chronic, violence tends to induce a syndrome of learned helplessness in victims, a very common syndrome in both gender-based violence as in the genocide in communities or in the psychological and economic violence perpetrated by the financial system today.

Palabras clave: miedo, agresividad, violencia, asimetría de poder, síndrome de indefensión aprendida, el sistema financiero

¿PARA QUÉ SIRVE UN FILÓSOFO? (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 41 (2014)

María José Frápolli. Departamento de Filosofía I. Universidad de Granada, España, frapolli@ugr.es

La pregunta que toda generación de estudiantes de filosofía plantea en algún momento es: ¿esto para qué sirve? La invitación de Ludus Vitalis es una oportunidad para ofrecer una respuesta sosegada y no tópica de en qué consiste ser un filósofo en la sociedad contemporánea.

Palabras clave: Foro Ludus Vitalis, filósofo

¿TODO ES REDUCIBLE A LA CIENCIA? CIENCIA Y PAZ / CEREBRO Y CULTURA (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 38 (2012)

Roberto E. Mercadillo Caballero. Laboratorio C-12, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus UNAM, emmanuele.mercadillo@gmail.com

To think about if everything can be scientifically reducible involves a viewpoint on reality that simultaneously encompasses the notion of what “everything” means and the role of “reducibility,; of one phenomenon for explanatory purposes. Both aspects are diffuse and discussed within the neuroscientific current research. The discussion concerns the experimental design that has been applied in neurosciences over the past three decades, as well as the scientific interpretations of the cognitive processes under a materialistic perspective. This controversy ispatent in some current proposals aimed at the development of the so-called “Culture of Peace”, because it involves the acceptance of a violent reality encoded in biological and neurocognitive human systems, along with cultural variables that make up the history and transmission of such codes. In addition to the nature-culture discussions involving violence in the scientific field, the cultivation of peace is proposed as a structural change for the human society based on difficult operational accessible concepts within the experimental neuroscience, for example: solidarity or compassion. Although such proposals have been developed in the scientific field, their effect is projected in a political and cultural reality. From a neurocognitive perspective, this essay proposes the cultivation of peace as a model for thinking about how science reduces a phenomenon (peace) to influence a whole reality (the political and cultural structure), trough conceptual and methodological interactions provided by different scientific disciplines apparently distant.

Palabras clave: cerebro, cognición, compasión, complejidad, cultura, realidad, paz, ciencia, violencia, guerra

“EL ORIGEN DE LAS ESPECIES” EN EL CONTEXTO (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 41 (2014)

Luis Espinoza Soto. Departamento de Filosofía, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, luis.espinosas@usach.cl

The objective of this work is to summarize the historical and social influences of Darwin’s theory presented in On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection. I highlight the concept of “science” as used in the scientific revolution, a calling to explain how natural elements function regarding observable causes. “Natural theology” will share its functionalist approach with Darwin’s theory. The Age of Enlightenment and the French Revolution will shape a belligerent political climate, in which the new ideas on transformation will be related to the revolt against the established social order (reflected in the 1829-1830 debates between Cuvier and Geoffoy). In England, the core of the Industrial Revolution, biological ideas were specially considered from a social viewpoint. Finally, I will mention some biographical elements of Darwin, his liberal family atmosphere, the places he visited during his journey, the political economy of his times, and his relations to practical livestock breeders

Palabras clave: darwin, social context of theories, natural theology, French Revolution, Enlightenment, Malthus, Smith, Kropotkin, Cuvier, Geoffroy

INTERDISCIPLINA Y TRANSDISCIPLINA DESDE LA FILOSOFÍA (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 35 (2011)

León Olivé. Instituto de Investigaciones Filosóficas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México., olive@unam.mx

Palabras clave: interdisciplina, transdisciplina, filosofía, innovación, sociedad del conocimiento, redes sociales de innovación.

A FIRST ENCOUNTER: FRENCH ENVIRONMENTAL PHILOSOPHY FROM AN ANGLO-AMERICAN PERSPECTIVE (English)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 41 (2014)

J. Baird Callicott.. istinguished Research Professor of Philosophy and formerly Regents Professor of Philosophy at the University of North Texas. Co-Editor-in-Chief of the Encyclopedia of Environmental Ethics and Philosophy, callicott@unt.edu

The “French exception” could be many things—language purity, cultural assimilation of immigrants, federalism counterbalanced by labor unionism, popular intellectualism. The French exception in environmental philosophy is constituted by humanism and the replacement of ethics by politics. Anglo-American environmental ethics makes of local nature a moral patient. In the French humanistic politics of global nature, global nature is indeterminate. Science incompletely represents global nature in both senses of the word “represents.” As an object global, nature is under-determined by a science incapable of so wide a grasp. And as subject in law, science speaks on behalf of a mute and indifferent nature, while policies regarding nature as an agent of powerful effect are decided in the political arena.

Palabras clave: french exception, ecology, environmentalism, French environmental philosophy, humanism, M. Serres, C. Larrère, nature, nature as political

A STEP TOWARDS A REALISTIC ANSWER TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS (English)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 35 (2011)

Teresa Kwiatkowska. Philosophy Department, UAM-Iztapalapa, Mexico City., tkwiatkowska@yahoo.com
Wojciech Szatzschneider. The Actuarial School, University Anahuac del Norte, Mexico City., wojciech@anahuac.mx

Palabras clave: problemas ambientales, ecología, sustentable, progreso, contaminación, fusión

ADAPTABILIDAD Y FUNCIONALIDAD: UNA TEORÍA ACERCA DE LAS FUNCIONES BIOLÓGICAS (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 35 (2011)

Andrés L. Jaume. Departamento de Filosofía, Universidad de las Islas Baleares, Palma de Mallorca, Islas Balea- res, España., andres.jaume@uib.es

This paper connects the biological function concept with adapta- tions in order to clarify the former. In this way, it is proposed that adaptations— defined in present and non-historical terms—are functional. Hence, the term function is equivalent to the concept of adaptation.

Palabras clave: Selección natural, diseño, función biológica, adaptación.

ALTRUISMO Y EMPATÍA: CORRELATOS NEURALES Y DIFERENCIAS DE GÉNERO (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 41 (2014)

Lucrecia Burges Cruz. Filosofía Moral, Departamento de Filosofía y Trabajo Social, Universidad de las Islas Baleares, España, lburges@uib.es

The purpose of this paper is to explore the extent of sex differences in altruistic behavior from an evolutionary perspective, by looking at the latest research on neuroetic and sex differential neuroanatomy concerning altruism and empathy. We assume that women have an adaptive advantage for altruistic behavior, which has biological basis, genetic and hormonal, that has also been reinforced phylogenetically, throughout human evolution, from sex roles division. These differences in behavior can be seen when in men and women different brain areas are activated in relation to empathy and altruism.

Palabras clave: altruism, empathy, human evolution, neuroscience, sex, gender, adaptive advantage

APOLOGÍA DE LA IDIOTEZ (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 41 (2014)

Vicente Sanfélix Vidarte. Departamento de Metafísica y Teoría del Conocimiento, Universidad de Valencia, España, vicente.sanfelix@uv.es

Elogio de la Filosofía Concedámoslo, si sólo tuviéramos el castellano, incluso el latín, el título de este escrito sería una insensatez. Porque idiotez es, según el diccionario de nuestra Real Academia, el dicho o el hecho propio del idiota; y éste, un profundo deficiente psíquico, o por lo menos un corto de entendederas, o un inculto, o, en última instancia, un engreído sin justificación alguna. De modo que, si idiotez es imbecilidad, tontería, incultura o engreimiento, ¿quién, salvo un rematado idiota, iba a hacer su apología?
La idiotez sólo podría ser vindicada si, aparte de éstos, tuviera otro sentido. Y aquí es donde el idioma griego puede venir en nuestra ayuda. Porque “idiótes”, aunque también tenía en la lengua de Platón una connotación peyorativa, refería fundamentalmente una condición, una forma de ser, cuya desacreditación, al menos desde nuestra perspectiva, necesitaría cierta justificación. “Idiótes” era el simple particular e “Idiotismós” el género de vida que practicaba, dedicado a la “Idioteía”, sus propios y privados asuntos.

Palabras clave: Foro Ludus Vitalis, idiotez, incultura

APROXIMACIONES A LA PACHAMAMA, AL SUMAK KAWSAY Y AL JOPÓI: HACIA UNA ÉTICA AMBIENTAL DE INSPIRACIÓN INDOAMERICANA (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 41 (2014)

Dani O. Sotelo. Doctorado en Filosofía Moral y Política, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, México, oviedosotelo@yahoo.com

In American indigenous cultures exist paradigms, beliefs and concepts that posit a better relationship between human beings and nature —and/or its results— including Mother Earth, communal reciprocity networks, harmonious coexistence or living well, and an aspiration to the “Land without Evil.” We analyze the worldviews and knowledges of such indigenous peoples in order to inspire environmental ethics toward new approaches, beyond its current centrism (anthropocentrism, biocentrism, ecocentrism, and the like).
We put forward the idea of considering mankind as a “part” of nature, thus promoting life in fullness, where the satisfaction of needs is not consumerismwaste, and where upgrading the community life both with other people and with other living beings is possible.

Palabras clave: Mother Earth, harmonious coexistence, living well, indigenous worldviews, guarani, Land without Evil

ARTEFACTUALIDAD ANIMAL (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 45 (2016)

Ana Cuevas Badallo. Departamento de Filosofía, Lógica y Estética, Facultad de Filosofía, Universidad de Salamanca, España., acuevas@usal.es

Traditionally, to make artifacts has been considered an exclusively human ability. Nevertheless, it is necessary to reconsider the exclusiveness of this capacity taking into account the latest developments in the area of ethological research. In order to provide an adequate answer to the question if other animals are able to create and use artifacts, we need to re-examine the notions of intentionality and artifact, as well the definition in ethology on usage and making of tools.

Palabras clave: Artefacto, uso y manufactura de herramientas, intencionalidad, aprendizaje social. aprendizaje cultural

ATRIBUCIÓN INTENCIONAL EN PRIMATES NO HUMANOS: EL GIRO HACIA LA EXPLICACIÓN (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 44 (2015)

Laura Danón. Facultad de Psicología y Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades, Universidad Nacional de Córdova, Argentina, ldanon@gmail.com

Nowadays, empirical studies on intentional attribution in non-human primates focus on the capacity of those animals to predict the behaviors of others. In some recent work, Kristin Andrews has argued that we need to change that methodological approach by turning to investigate, conceptually and empirically, whether non-human primates are capable of explaining the behavior of others. In her view, such methodological shift is justified because the capacity to seek and generate explanations of behavior is a more reliable indicator of the ability to attribute propositional attitudes. Here, I will argue that Andrews’ proposal faces difficulties analogous to those which plague the approaches which put their focus on the predictive capacities of primates. I will also suggest some ways in which her approach can be modified in order to be able to provide robust evidence of intentional attribution in non-human primates.

Palabras clave: Filosofía de la mente, cognición animal, cognición social, atribución intencional, psicología de sentido común, primates no humanos, normatividad, predicción.

AUTOPARÁFRASIS: LA EXPLICACIÓN DE LO HUMANO (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 38 (2012)

Fernando Maureira Cid. Facultad de Humanidades y Educación, Universidad Internacional SEK. Escuela de Psicología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, maureirafernando@yahoo.es

Language is the basic function, the angular stone on which everything human is founded; on which we construct our reality and our own life experience. A human being is an “auto-periphrastic” biological system, that is to say, it explains himself every moment as being what is. Such story depends on the emotion that we live moment to moment, since it is on this where we generate our own history as a narrative. The concept of autoparaphrase is sufficient to describe what a human being is: an organism capable of constructing a linguistic individual identity. It is a notion from the biological world, based on the laws that regulate and limit the functioning of living systems.

Palabras clave: lenguaje, emoción, explicación, historia, sistema nervioso

BIOLINGÜÍSTICA: CUANDO NO ES LO MISMO SERLO QUE PARECERLO (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 35 (2011)

Antonio Benítez-Burraco. Departamento de Filología Española y sus didácticas, Área de Lengua Española, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad de Huelva, España., antonio.benitez@dfesp.uhu.es ; abenitez@us.es

Palabras clave: biolingüística, interdisciplina, lenguaje, evolución, biología.

BIOLOGÍA, CUERPO Y AUTOCONCIENCIA: REFLEXIONES DESDE LA FENOMENOLOGÍA Y LA NEUROPSICOLOGÍA DE LA ACCIÓN (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 38 (2012)

Andrés Segovia Cuellar. Grupo de Estudios Sobre Desarrollo Socio/moral, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, asegovia.cc@gmail.com

The purpose of this paper is to understand cognition from the standpoint of biological autonomy, and how this phenomena is affirmed constantly through the interactions the organisms, endogenously and due to their own organization, establish with a meaningful world. The methodic study concerning the sense of self allow us to conclude that is in the active immersion of biological systems through their agency, within a significant environment, where several interactive situations emerge and affirm their identities by way of self-specifying processes. We propose to conceptually revisit the studies of self to acknowledge the active role that organisms play in the constitution of their experience and in the temporal structure of such experience. Moreover, such theory has to be built from a deep reflection on the biological basis of agency, the function of the brain as a mediator of homeostatic
regulation and action, and the acceptance of the first person’s perspective as ineludible to study consciousness. Finally, we reflect on the phenomenological aspects of schizophrenia and how within this pathology prevails the absence of a meaningful direction to the world and of a genuine sense of self through intentionality. Intentionality, indeed, is understood as that feature that gives direction to lived experience.

Palabras clave: biología e intencionalidad, conciencia de sí, neurodinámica, neuropsicología o acción, agencia, fenomenología

CAPTURING THE ORDER IN NATURE AND DARWIN´S TREE OF LIFE (English)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 41 (2014)

Erica Torrens. Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM, torrens@ciencias.unam.mx
Ana Barahona. Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM, ana.barahona@ciencias.unam.mx

Following the publication in 1859 of On the Origin of Species, perception of natural “Began to change from a ‘creation plan’, known for similarities and differences among species, to that of ‘kinship’, known for genealogical relationships. The achievement of a diagram to represent affinities through evolutionary relationships became a major enterprise for many naturalists. Although Darwin posed the challenge to depict the common descent and evolutionary relationships for living beings in the form of a ‘Tree of Life’, he was not the first to employ the tree metaphor in the life sciences, as he stated at the beginning of his famous arboreal metaphor: “the affinities of all the beings of the same class have sometimes been represented by a great tree.” Who were those authors that represented affinities of beings in the form of trees and when these trees appeared? Were there other metaphors to represent the order found in nature?

Palabras clave: natural system, Charles Darwin, Tree of Life, branching diagrams, natural affinities, common descent, genealogical relationships

CIENCIOMETRÍA, INFORMACIÓN E INFORMÁTICA EN CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS: ENFOQUE INTERDISCIPLINARIO PARA ESTUDIAR INTERDISCIPLINAS (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 35 (2011)

Layla Michán. Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México., laylamichan@ciencias.unam.mx

Palabras clave: cienciometría, ciencias biológicas, interdisciplina, información, informática.

CLAUDE BERNARD Y EL LUGAR DE LA FISIOLOGÍA EN UN MUNDO FÍSICAMENTE DETERMINADO (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 44 (2015)

Gustavo Caponi. Departamento de Filosofía, Universidad Federal de Santa Catarina, Brasil CNPq, gustavoandrescaponi@gmail.com

In the Introduction to study of experimental medicine we can find references to the role of laws in the causal explanations of physiology phenomena that seem to be anticipations of the nomological-deductive model of explanation. Even so, it is also possible to read these paragraphs from a perspective that link them to the theoretical options that Bernard was proposing and developing in his physiological research. He was reinforcing there his contestation to Vitalism inasmuch it was intrinsic to the program of experimental physiology. The existence of these physiological laws ensured that the experimental route was feasible for the new discipline, and its discovery showed the compatibility between the knowledge produced by physiology and the presuppositions of what today we would characterize as physicalist ontology.

Palabras clave: Claude Bernal, explicación causal, inercia, Fisicalismo, Vitalismo, leyes fisiológicas, ciencias experimentales

CLAVES PARA ENTENDER LA VIOLENCIA EN EL SIGLO. XXI (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 38 (2012)

José Sanmartín Esplugues. Catedrático de Lógica y Filosofía de la Ciencia, Departamento de Filosofía, Universitat de Valencia, España, jsanmartinesplugues@gmail.com

This paper advances three stances. First, that fear is the key to the display of aggressiveness, whether defensive or offensive. Second, that violence is the behavior resulting from the aggressiveness put under the intentional control of consciousness and that the violence always occurs in a context of asymmetry of power. Third, that, when fear becomes chronic, violence tends to induce a syndrome of learned helplessness in victims, a very common syndrome in both gender-based violence as in the genocide in communities or in the psychological and economic violence perpetrated by the financial system today.

Palabras clave: miedo, agresividad, violencia, asimetría de poder, síndrome de indefensión aprendida, el sistema financiero

COMPREHENSIVE DARWINISM (English)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 38 (2012)

Jasper Doomen. Leiden University, Steenschwr, jasperdoomen@yahoo.com

Darwinism has become an encompassing theory, leaving the confines of science and accounting for all aspects of life. Such an outlook entails important consequences for the evaluation of life. In particular, organisms are considered mere means for species’ preservation and development, while reason is no special faculty, but rather an outgrowth of functions that are rudimentarily present in animals. Darwinism cannot, for that reason, be said to be ‘true’, but if Darwinism is the correct view, the implications for man are grave, no purpose or meaning of life being discernable. Darwinists are accordingly faced with the question to why they continue their inquiries.

Palabras clave: darwinismo, darwinismo comprensivo, nihilismo, reduccionismo, platonismo, Schopenhauer

CONFESIONES DE UN FILÓSOFO… DE LA CIENCIA (ABOGADO) (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 35 (2011)

Bernardo Bolaños Guerra. Departamento de Humanidades, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana – Cuajimalpa, Mé- xico., bbolanos@correo.cua.unam.mx

Palabras clave: transdisciplinariedad, experimento, teorema, conocimiento, metodología.

CONTROVERSIES OVER THE EVOLUTIONARY ROLE OF PARANASAL SINUS PNEUMATIZATION IN HUMANS AND NEANDERTHALS AS AN ADAPTATION TO EXTREME COLD (English)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 41 (2014)

Vicente Dressino. Cátedra de Antropología Biológica IV, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de la Plata, Argentina, vdress@fcnym.unlp.edu.ar
Susana Gisela Lamas. Cátedra de Lógica y Metodología de las Ciencias, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de la Plata, Argentina, sglamas@yahoo.com.ar

In this paper, we examine a case of scientific controversy over the evolving role of the paranasal sinuses, comparing Neanderthals and humans by analyzing two rival hypotheses. The first hypothesis states that the paranasal sinuses do not represent an adaptation to extreme cold, while the second claims the contrary. The two articles partially use the same database and employ identical methodologies and evolutionary theoretical assumptions. This example is interesting because, in terms of Nudler’s concepts of controversial and non-controversial spaces, the problem lies in the latter, i.e., the biases of the two articles and their mistakes. Our paper highlights the misunderstandings that can arise when an attempt is made to analyze a complex structure from an evolutionary perspective using two-dimensional analytical techniques, that is to say, explaining a trait in isolation and, consequently, losing an integrated approach to the organism and its multiple interactions with the environment.

Palabras clave: scientific controversy, paranasal sinuses, Neanderthals, humans, complex systems, modularity, controversial spaces, methodologies, evolutionary explanations, philosophy of biology

DE LA REALIDAD A LAS TEORÍAS Y VICEVERSA (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 35 (2011)

Adrián Medina Liberty. Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México., amedina@unam.mx

Palabras clave: multidisciplinas, realidad, teorías.

EL DERECHO A LA SALUD: ENTRE LA PROPIEDAD INTELECTUAL Y LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 44 (2015)

María Luisa Bertomeu. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina. CONICET, mjbertomeu@gmail.com
Liliana Spinella. Ciclo Básico Común, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. CONICET., proyectoinvestigacion@yahoo.com.ar

International law is not a homogeneous corpus of rules, inasmuch different regulatory systems often involve incompatibilities. This is the case with the internationalization of trade rules that constantly places constraints to the enforcement of the right to health and to one of its core elements, the access to medicines. In this paper we try to show: i) the strategies proposed by North- South FTAs, especially between US and Latin American countries, in order to strengthen intellectual property (patent law); ii) the implications of these stratagems for the access to medicines, and iii) the way in which these strategies interfere with state sovereignty in determining what is the public good.

Palabras clave: Derecho a la salud, propiedad intelectual, derechos humanos, acuerdos de libre comercio, acceso a medicinas, patentes farmaceúticas, bien público, soberanía

EL MODELO DE FOUCAULT APLICADO AL CAMBIO DE LA HISTORIA NATURAL A LA BIOLOGÍA EVOLUCIONISTA (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 41 (2014)

Elmer Castaño Ramírez. Metodología de la Investigación, Medicina Veterinaria e Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia, elmercr@ucaldas.edu.co
María Elena Bernal Vera. Fitopatología, Metodología de la Investigación, Universidad de Caldas. Manizales, Colombia, marielberve@hotmail.com

A synthesis of the ideas of M. Foucault on scientific change is presented, characterized as a metatheoric model of scientific change, with emphasis on its archeological structure. It is applied to the transformation of natural history into evolutionary biology. Some general comments are advanced as well on the implementation of such model.

Palabras clave: scientific change, Foucault’s archaeological model, natural history , evolutionary biology, Cuvier, Darwin

EL PENSAMIENTO NO TAN HUMANO DE LOS ANIMALES Y SU VINCULACIÓN CON EL LENGUAJE (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 44 (2015)

William B. Otañez Durán. Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, España., sanespest@juno.com

Many of the members of the scientific community have been intrigued by the debate pertaining to animals’ cognitive process in comparison and contrast to men. Ancient thinkers, such as Aristotle, could only argue positions from a philosophical aspect. The modern inclination, especially of ethologists, advocates animal thinking to be motivated by the vision of the father of biological evolution, Darwin. With the last intention of wanting to link humans with the evolution of lower animals, postulants in favor of animal thinking do not curtail studies and economic resources to support their heuristic propositions. A careful study of the essential components that make possible the genesis of thought and language and a consideration of the different schools that have postulated their theories in this vast field will give the necessary guidelines to
determine the cognitive state of animals and its possibilities of using the articulated language congruent to humans.

Palabras clave: Lenguaje, pensamiento, Darwin, conginción, ambiente, cultura, evolución, razonamiento, mente, cerebro

EL PRINCIPIO DE VIDA: DE LA PSYCHÉ ARISTOTÉLICA A LA ENTELEQUIA DRIESCHIANA (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 45 (2016)

Agustín Ostachuk. Centro de Estudios de Historia de la Ciencia y la Técnica “José Babini”, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina./Instituto Nacional de Investigación de las Ciencias Naturales, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales (MACN), Buenos Aires, Argentina./Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina., aostachuk@unsam.edu.ar

Is life a simple result of a conjuction of physico-chemical processes? Can be reduce to a mere juxtaposition of spatially determined events? What epistemology or world-view allow us to comprehend it? Aristotle built a novel philosophical system in wich nature is a dynamical totality, which is in constant movement. Life is its manifestation, and is formed and governed by the psyche. Psyche is the organizational principle of the different biological levels: nutritive, perceptive and intellective. Driesch’s crucial experiment provided empirical proof of the principle of life, which he called “entelechy”. Entelechy is an intensive manifoldness and cannot be comprehended by the usual extensive parameters. The entelechian’s own ambiance is duration. This allows the reintroduction of the concept of teology in the sphere of the living, understood not as a final cause, but as an order born from desire and leading to action.

Palabras clave: Principio de vida, psique, entelequía, vitalismo, teología, autonomía, individualidad, biología Aristotélica, Driesch

EL PROBLEMA DE LA TRANSMISIÓN A DISTANCIA DE LAS ENFERMEDADES CONTAGIOSAS EN EL DE CONTAGIONE DE GIROLAMO FRACASTORO (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 45 (2016)

Ruy J. Henríquez Garrido. Facultad de Filosofía, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España., ruyhenriquez@filos.ucm.es

Thanks to how Girolamo Fracastoro defines the different types of contagion in his book De contagione, et contagiosis morbis et eorum curatione, libri tres (1546), and his defense of the “seeds of contagion” (seedbed) as the cause of contagious diseases, he is considered today one parent of the modern epidemiology and microbiology. One of the crucial problems in this book is to explain the remote transmission of the contagious diseases refuting the etiologic use of the occult qualities. The aim of this study is to investigate the philosophical background of the problem and draw the conclusions that his solution had for medicine and for science in general.

Palabras clave: Fracastoro, contagio, enfermedad contagiosa, epidemia, semillero, semillas de enfermedad, cualidades ocultas, epistemología, tradiciones de investigación en medicina

ENVIRONMENT, MATHEMATICS AND THE BEST SOLUTION TO STOP NATURAL WORLD DESTRUCTION (English)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 41 (2014)

Teresa Kwiatkowska. Philosophy Department, UAM-Iztapalapa, México, tkwiatkowska@yahoo.com
Wojciech Szatzschneider. Escuela de Actuaría, Universidad Anahuac del Norte, México, wojciech@anahuac.mx

First, we discuss the use and misuse of mathematics that have been applied to apparently solve environmental problems. We then explore a new kind of environmental cooperation called fusion, in order to analyze the optimal way of using environmental funds, private or public, compulsory or voluntary contributions. We will work with mathematical models, yet our results do not significantly depend on them nor on the parameters chosen. We believe that the specification of models and their particular parameters is the biggest flaw in the application of mathematics in environmental sciences.

Palabras clave: solutions to environmental problems, mathematical models, fusion, environmental funds, parameter, Bayesian approach, Principal-Agent method

EVALUACIÓN DE EXPLICACIONES COGNITIVAS EN PSICOLOGÍA (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 41 (2014)

Elmer CastaJonatan García Camposño Ramírez. Instituto de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, México, jongarcam@yahoo.com.mx

Psychology is a unique scientific discipline due to its disagreements at different levels. This paper explores controversies on particular subjects within cognitive psychology. Comparing different explanations about the autistic spectrum, I will offer a tool that can help evaluate such explanations. I have called this tool a “box of virtues”, which contains a set of virtues divided into epistemic, analytical, pragmatic and political ones. Since the interest of the paper is not limited to discuss the different explanations concerning autism, but psychological theories at large, I will try to show that the box of virtues can be generalized and used as a tool to asses different explanations in cognitive psychology that share the same subject.

Palabras clave: scientific explanations, cognition, psychology, scientific disagreements, epistemic virtues, autism, reasoning

EXIGENCIA FILOSÓFICA Y RESTAURACIÓN DE LA METAFÍSICA (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 41 (2014)

Víctor Gómez Pin. Departamento de Filosofía. Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, España, victor.gomez@uab.es

Palabras clave: Foro Ludus Vitalis, metafísica, filosofía

EXPLICACIONES SELECCIONISTAS HISTÓRICAS Y AHISTÓRICAS (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 41 (2014)

Santiago Ginnobili. Departamento de Filosofía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Universidad nacional de Quilmes, Argentina, santi75.wordpress.com

The historical character of natural selection theory has been controversial. In this article, I will focus on the ambiguity of the uses of the expression “natural selection theory”. Sometimes it is used to refer to the theory that provides the mechanism by which organisms acquire traits that allow them to survive in their environment. It is also used to refer to the theory that explains why certain types of organisms within a population have higher reproductive success than others. This distinction solves some problematic issues when referring to such theory.

Palabras clave: atural selection, historical explanations, genetic explanations, mechanism, Fodor & Piattelli-Palmarini, explanandum of natural selection, Lucia Federico, metatheoretical structuralism, natural laws

FILOSOFÍA ANIMAL (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 44 (2015)

Markus Wild. Philosophisches Seminar, Departement Philosophie und Medienwissenschaft, Universität Basel, Basel, Switzerland., markus.wild@unibas.ch

The philosophy of animal minds addresses questions concerning the mental life of animals, the difference between animals; and humans, and our moral relation to animals. In the first part, the question of animal thought is answered positively by a naturalistic conception of belief ascription in the case of animals, and some objections are answered. Teleosemantics is introduced as a promising account of animal thought. In the second part, the philosophy of animal minds will be expanded to a special kind of animal, namely human beings. An argument based on animalism for the explanatory continuity between humans and other animals in their mental faculties is introduced.

Palabras clave: Filosofía animal, mente animal, naturalismo, teleosemántica, animalismo, diferencia antropológica

FLEXIBILIDAD, RESTRICCIÓN Y RECONOCIMIENTO DE CAUSALIDAD DE LA CONDUCTA: UNA INTERPRETACIÓN COMPARATIVA DEL CONCEPTO DE “LIBERTAD” (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 41 (2014)

Augusto Montiel Castro. Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Lerma. México, a.j.montiel@centrodarwin-uam.mx
Jorge Martínez Contreras. Centro Darwin de Pensamiento Evolucionista. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana. Unidades Iztapalapa y Lerma, jomaco@xanum.uam.mx

The concept “liberty” has been revised in great depth by multiple authors from several disciplines. Since the XIX century, the modern evolutionary theory opens its study as an evolutionary capacity and a cognitive process. Its components can be identified in other species by understanding its behavioral or cognitive correlates, as it is often attempted for other complex phenomena (“empathy”, “love”, “intelligence”, and so on) that are similarly based on the interaction of a variety of processes at different levels of organization. Based on empirical evidence, this work analyses the degree by which three necessary components (while probably insufficient) of the de faculty referred to as “liberty” can be found in non-human organisms: (i) the degree of behavioral flexibility; (ii) the capacity for voluntary behavioral restriction, and (iii) the capacity for recognition of responsibility.

Palabras clave: cognitive psychology, multidisciplinary approach, mathematical theory of communication, linguistics, signal detection theory, computational theory

FORMAS DE PENSAMIENTO Y REGLAS DEL LENGUAJE. ALGUNAS CARACTERÍSTICAS (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 35 (2011)

Fernando Maureira Cid. Escuela de Psicología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile., maureriafernando@yahoo.es

Palabras clave: lenguaje, pensamiento, reglas del lenguaje, naturaleza del lenguaje, conductas, información,

GENES, DETERMINISMOS Y SOCIOBIOLOGÍA: USOS Y ABUSOS DE LENGUAJES Y METÁFORAS EN BIOLOGÍA (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 45 (2016)

Lucrecia Estigarribia. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba Capital, Argentina., lucreciaestigarribia@gmail.com
Ariel Olmedo Giompliakis. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba Capital, Argentina., arolmedo06@gmail.com

This paper attempts to identify some of the conditions that enabled the revitalization of biological determinism in the second half of the twentieth century. It will analyze the simultaneous influence exerted by gene centrism, reductionist Positivism and a series of “traveling metaphors” that allowed the emergence of such an ambitious research program as sociobiology. It will then show that the emergence of this sub-discipline involves the reappearance of new variants of biological determinism. Due to linking the genetics of the twentieth century with some notions of Positivism, as well as a set of reified metaphors, a new biological determinism was accomplished. Finally, it will argue that despite the almost instantaneous rejection of sociobiology, the derivated “truth effects” from these discourses are installed in biology, influencing lexicons and methodologies.

Palabras clave: Centrismo genético, determinismo biológico, reduccionismo, metáfora reificación, “efecto de verdad”, positivismo

HACIA UNA ÉTICA BIOCULTURAL PLANETARIA INTERREGIONAL: FILOSOFÍA AMBIENTAL DE CAMPO Y ESTUDIOS SOCIO-ECOLÓGICOS A LARGO PLAZO DESDE EL CABO DE HORNOS, CHILE (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 41 (2014)

Ricardo Rozzi. Departamento de Filosofía y Religión, University of North Texas, USA. Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Magallanes, Chile. Programa Internacional de Conservación Biocultural Subantártica, rozzi@unt.edu

Amid the global society governed by a neoliberal economic discourse that is alienated from biological and cultural diversity, there are numerous subaltern voices that express a clear understanding of the intimate connections between the well-being of humans and the well-being of other-than-human cohabitants in their regional urban and rural ecosystems. What can we do to enhance the ability to listen to these subordinated voices and reconnect global society with the diversity of humans and other than humans that cohabit on the planet? The Earth Stewardship initiative from the ESA, while laudable in its aim, has two major limitations: 1) geographical gaps in the coverage of long-term ecological research sites on the planet, since these sites are concentrated in the Northern Hemisphere omitting the Southern one; 2) philosophical gaps in the coverage of the epistemological, political, and ethical dimensions in international long term sodo-ecological research programs, since these programs tend to reduce the social to economic— they even replace the adjective “socio-ecological” with “socio-economic.” In this essay I analyze both limitations, and present the contribution we have forged through the creation of the Chilean Network of Socio-Ecological Long-Term Studies and the Environmental Philosophy Methodological Approach that integrates ecological sdences and environmental ethics into biocultural conservation.

Palabras clave: Human well-being, other-than-human cohabitants. Earth Stewardship initiative, long term socio-ecological research programs. Red Chilena de Estudios SodoEcológicos a Largo Plazo, Environmental Philosophy Methodological Approach

HIPOCRESÍA, PONERSE EN ESCENA Y REPUTACIÓN: EL PARECER MORAL COMO MOTIVACIÓN (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 44 (2015)

Andrés E. Murcia Navarro. Grupo de Salud, Conocimiento Médico y Sociedad, Laboratorio Interdisciplinar de Ciencia y Procesos Humanos, Centro de Investigación sobre Dinámica Social (CIDS), Universidad Externado de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia., andresmuna@gmail.com

This article aims to critically review the social, cultural, psychological, cognitive and hermeneutic elements of moral hypocrisy, and its manifestation as moral staging. We begin with the social usage of the hypocrisy concept to explore its value as a moral strategy. Well explore the historical and conceptual symbiosis between morality and hypocrisy to show each other’s tolerance. We will delve into empirical studies on moral hypocrisy, with its motives and inconsistencies, in order to discuss the social usefulness of moral staging. We will finish with an attempt to approach the moral staging like a possible moral heuristic, a cognitive schema and a tool of the justification system.

Palabras clave: Hipocresía moral, integridad moral, marcos normativos, marco personal, escena moral

HISTORIA DEL ARTE Y ANATOMÍA PATOLÓGICA: LA AUTOPSIA EN EL ARTE MODERNO (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 44 (2015)

Jorge Alberto Álvarez-Díaz. Departamento de Atención a la Salud, Posgrados en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, México., bioetica_reproductiva@hotmail.com

This work addresses the complex issue of art in its connection to the issue of cadaver aesthetics. As it would be incommensurable to write about art in general in a single specialized paper, it will narrow its focus on the differences in modern and contemporary art, where some relationships between art and medicine may be are established. Within this framework, some representative autopsy pictorial representations are commented.

Palabras clave: Arte contemporáneo, arte moderno, medicina, patología, autopsia, cadaver, representación pictórica, imagen científica, arte en la medicina, medicina en el arte

INTERDISCIPLINA: ¿COSMÉTICA, POSIBILIDAD PRODUCTIVA U OBLIGACIÓN? (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 35 (2011)

Vivette García Deister. Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México., vivettegd@gmail.com

Palabras clave: Intedisciplina, posibilidad productiva, obligación,

INTERDISCIPLINARIEDAD Y ESPECIALIZACIÓN (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 35 (2011)

Carlos Castrodeza. Profesor Emérito de Lógica y Filosofía de la Ciencia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, España., castrode@filos.ucm.es

Palabras clave: principio de divergencia,interdisciplina, especialización, explicación, comprensión.

INTRODUCTION ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS: QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS (English)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 41 (2014)

Teresa Kwiatkowska. Philosophy Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, México, tkwiatkowska@yahoo.com

Palabras clave: ethics, environmental ethics

JULIAN HUXLEY: DEVELOPMENTAL GENETICS AND THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION (English)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 35 (2011)

Yasha Gall. Institute for the History of Science and Technology of the Russian Academy of Science, Yasha@JG7549.spb.edu

Julian Huxley was one of the architects of developmental genetics. Moreover, he was looking for the correlation between such developmental genetics and evolutionary theory. We have studied Julian Huxley’s article “Natural selection and evolutionary progress” (1936). The textological analysis has led us to the conclusion that the article belongs to the fundamental works of the evolutionary synthesis.

Palabras clave: Julian Sorell Huxley, developmental genetics, theory of evolution, neoteny, rate of gene.

LA ANTROPOLOGÍA BIOLÓGICA EXPERIMENTAL EN EL CONTEXTO DE LOS SISTEMAS COMPLEJOS (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 45 (2016)

Vicente Dressino. Cátedra de Antropología Biológica IV. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina., vdressino@gmail.com

The use of the experimental method in biological anthropology has enabled us to solve a set of problems that could not be addressed using the classic methodologies within the descriptive-comparative method. However, from an epistemological perspective, experimentation implies a reductionist approach that is called seriously into question with the advent of complexity theories, due to the tension that is generated between them. Complexity theories does not reject the experimental method but places it in a different context, one in which experimental practice loses its privileged status as a method of validating knowledge. The aim of this study is to analyze the scope and limitations of the experimental method used in biological anthropology faced with the perspective of complexity theories. It will conclude that the shift from reductionist perspectives centered on experimentation to complex approaches focusing on integration represents a genuine paradigm shift, in Kuhn’s terms, both in the field of biology in general and in anthropology in particular.

Palabras clave: Antropología biológica, método experimental, teorías de complejidad, reduccionismo, integracionismo, epistemología, Kuhn, cambio de paradigmas.

LA CIENCIA NORMAL NO HACE REVOLUCIONES (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 35 (2011)

Sergio Balari. Departament de Filologia Catalana & Centre de Lingüística Teòrica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona., Sergi.Balari@uab.cat

Palabras clave: revoluciones científicas, ciencia normal, biolingüística,

LA CONVIVENCIA CON LOS CYBORGS Y LOS ROBOTS: CONSIDERACIONES FILOSÓFICAS, ÉTICO-MORALES Y SOCIOPOLÍTICAS (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 38 (2012)

Josep Vives Rego. Departament de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, jvives@ub.edu
Francesc Mestres Naval. Profesor Titular de Genética, Departament de Genética, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, fmestres@ub.edu

In this work, we present the cultural evolution that has allowed to overcome many problems derived from the limitations of the human body. These limitations have been solved by a “cyborization” process that began since early anthropogenesis. Originally, it was envisioned to deal with some diseases, accidents or body malfunctions. Nowadays, augmentations improve common human capabilities; one of the most notable is the increase of brain efficiency by using connections with a computer. A basic social question also addressed is which people will and should have access to these augmentations. Advanced humanoid robots (with human external aspect, artificial intelligence and even emotions) already exist and consequently a number of questions arise. For instance, will robots be considered living organisms? Could they be considered as persons? Will we confer the human status to robots? These questions are discussed. Our conclusions are that the advanced humanoid robots display some actions that may be considered as life-like, yet different to the life associated with living organisms, also, to some extend they could be considered as persons-like, but not humans.

Palabras clave: cyborg, aumento, robot, inteligencia artificial, posthumanismo, ética.

LA DIMENSIÓN COGNITIVA DEL CHAMANISMO AMERINDIO: UN ENFOQUE TRANSDISCIPLINARIO DE LOS ESTADOS DE CONCIENCIA (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 44 (2015)

Juan Alfonso Méndez Zavala. División de Ciencias Sociales y Administrativas. Universidad de Guanajuato campus Celaya- Salvatierra, Guanajuato, México., psicognicion@gmail

This paper explores the human psyche from the scientific and indigenous approaches. What does shamanism posits on human cognition? What do the cognitive sciences say about shamanic practice? To analyze both epistemic spheres seeks to create a link between both thought-systems without reducing their ontologies, where the visionary experience of shamanic cultures is considered an altered state of consciousness with neuronal activity correlates.

Palabras clave: mente, conciencia, cognición, chamanismo, halucinógenos, espíritu, alma, neurociencia, experiencia, lenguaje, estados alterados de conciencia, drogas rituales, medicina tradicional

LA FILOSOFÍA EN LA ERA DE LOS “CYBORGS” (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 41 (2014)

Anna Stany.. Departamento de Filosofía. Área de conocimiento: Lógica y Filosofía de la Ciencia. Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, España, anna.estany@uab.cat

En las últimas décadas ha surgido una serie de voces que anuncian “el fin de” diversos logros culturales que a lo largo de los siglos han constituido las señas de identidad de la humanidad. Una muestra de ello es la tesis del “fin de la ciencia“ de J. Horgan (1997) y la del “fin de la historia” de F. Fukuyama (1989). ¿Podemos hablar del “fin de la filosofía”? No cabe duda que podemos encontrar posicionamientos al respecto desde perspectivas distintas, es decir, podemos interpretar algunas de las concepciones a lo largo de la historia de la filosofía sobre su muerte o, al menos, su enfermedad. En la actualidad hay dos líneas fundamentales por las que puede cuestionarse la filosofía como referencia en torno a la cual gira el saber. Una de estas líneas se basa en el hecho de que, a lo largo de la historia, se han ido desgajando los distintos saberes particulares que en un principio formaban parte de la filosofía; la otra es la que se conoce como “naturalización de la filosofía” o “programa naturalizador”.

Palabras clave: Foro Ludus Vitalis, cyborg

LA FUERTE IMPRONTA GRADUALISTA DE DARWIN (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 38 (2012)

Alberto A. Makinistian. Paleoantropología y Evolución, Facultad de Humanidades y Artes, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina, amakinistian@citynet.net.ar

We find it undeniable that gradualism is an essential part of Darwinism. What is more, we think that, devoid of gradualism, authentic Darwinism is undermined. In this article we intend to show that Darwin was absolutely convinced that his theory could not work if it were not closely linked to a gradualist perspective.

Palabras clave: gradualismo, uniformismo, variaciones, selección natural, variedad, especie

LA INTERDISCIPLINA AL SERVICIO DEL PACIENTE (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 35 (2011)

Alberto Lifshitz. Director General de Coordinación de los Institutos de Salud, México., alifshitz@yahoo.com

Palabras clave: interdisciplina, medicina, paciente, biología humana, medicina narrativa, diagnóstico.

LA INTERDISCIPLINA EN FILOSOFÍA DE LA MENTE (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 35 (2011)

Pascual F. Martínez-Freire. Departamento de Filosofía, Universidad de Málaga, España., martinez.freire@gmail.com

Palabras clave: filosofía de la mente, interdisciplina, ciencia, relaciones interdisciplinares, conociemiento,

LA INTERDISCIPLINA Y LA NECESIDAD DE INTEGRAR EL CONOCIMIENTO (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 35 (2011)

Avedis Aznavurian. Departamento de Atención a la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, México., azaa6140@correo.xoc.uam.mx

Palabras clave: interdisciplina, conocimiento, conciencia, disciplina, real, equipo, cooperación, reciprocidad, flexibilidad, intencionalidad

LA INTERFAZ ENTRE LA BIOSFERA Y LA NOOSFERA: PENSAR LAS ESFERAS DE LA SOSTENIBILIDAD EN LA ERA DEL ANTROPOCENO (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 38 (2012)

Ignacio Ayestarán. Departamento de Filosofía, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), España, ignacio_ayestaran@ehu.es

In this work, we present the cultural evolution that has allowed to overcome many problems derived from the limitations of the human body. These limitations have been solved by a “cyborization” process that began since early anthropogenesis. Originally, it was envisioned to deal with some diseases, accidents or body malfunctions. Nowadays, augmentations improve common human capabilities; one of the most notable is the increase of brain efficiency by using connections with a computer. A basic social question also addressed is which people will and should have access to these augmentations. Advanced humanoid robots (with human external aspect, artificial intelligence and even emotions) already exist and consequently a number of questions arise. For instance, will robots be considered living organisms? Could they be considered as persons? Will we confer the human status to robots? These questions are discussed. Our conclusions are that the advanced humanoid robots display some actions that may be considered as life-like, yet different to the life associated with living organisms, also, to some extend they could be considered as persons-like, but not humans.

Palabras clave: cyborg, aumento, robot, inteligencia artificial, posthumanismo, ética.

LA NOCIÓN DE ESQUEMA EN KUHN Y PIAGET: INTERACCIÓN DE FILOSOFÍA Y PSICOLOGÍA DE LA CIENCIA (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 38 (2012)

Raúl Alberto Milone. Departamento de Filosofía, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Centro Universitario, Parque Gral. San Martín, 5500, Mendoza, Argentina. Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Aconcagua, Catamarca 147, 5500, Mendoza, Argentina, rm@logos.uncu.edu.ar

This contribution focuses on the notion of conceptual scheme and its role in the works of Thomas Kuhn and Jean Piaget. Whereas for the first it was a fundamental tool for analyzing the history and structure of Copernican revolution, for the second it constituted a crucial element for understanding and evaluating the development of the intelligence in children. We make a critical revision of both approaches to this notion in order to point out relationships, affinities and mutual influences between these authors.

Palabras clave: esquema, esquema conceptual, Kuhn, Piaget, filosofía de la ciencia, psicología de la ciencia

LA POSIBILIDAD DE UNA CIENCIA INTERDISCIPLINAR (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 35 (2011)

Gustavo Sandoval García. Posgrado de Filosofía de la Ciencia, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México., optimistic_imlimbo@yahoo.com.mx

Palabras clave: Interdisciplina, ciencia, disciplina, pluralismo integral.

LA POSIBILIDAD DE UNA CIENCIA INTERDISCIPLINAR (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 35 (2011)

Gustavo Sandoval García. Posgrado de Filosofía de la Ciencia, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México., optimistic_imlimbo@yahoo.com.mx

Palabras clave: Interdisciplina, ciencia, disciplina, pluralismo integral.

LA PRÁCTICA INTERDISCIPLINARIA, INELUDIBLE EN LAS DISCIPLINAS MENTALES (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 35 (2011)

José Padua Gabriel. Psicólogo clínico. Ciudad de México., ppadua@prodigy.net.mx

Palabras clave: interdisciplina,disciplina mental, ciencia cognitiva,

LA PSICOLOGÍA COGNOSCITIVA: EJEMPLO EMINENTE DE INTERDISCIPLINA (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 41 (2014)

Víctor Manuel Solís Macías. Laboratorio de Cognición, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, labcogvm@gmail.com

We suggest that cognitive psychology is an outstanding case of scientific multidisciplinary approach. Our claim is grounded on the basis that within psychology no other approach has more varied origins than cognitive psychology. Its sources, internal and external, are equally varied. We will talk here of the main external sources: (1) The mathematical theory of communication; (2) linguistics; (3) signal detection theory, and (4) computational theory.

Palabras clave: cognitive psychology, multidisciplinary approach, mathematical theory of communication, linguistics, signal detection theory, computational theory.

LA RELACIÓN SUEÑOS-CEREBRO Y SUS MODELOS (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 41 (2014)

Alejandra Rosales Lagarde. Estancia posdoctoral, Posgrado en Ciencias Cognitivas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, México, alexiaro@rocketmail.com

Every day more is known about genetics, neurochemistry, magnetic, electric and metabolic activity of the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep stage, related to a particular oneiric consciousness. By contrast, the scientific study about the oneiric consciousness is relatively scarce. At least four questions are pertinent. Learning more about sleep mechanisms allows a better understanding of the oneiric consciousness? What relationships stand between the oneiric consciousness, its physiology and neuroanatomy? What models relate them? How are the dreams-brain postures portrayed within the models? After a brief examine of Descartes’ posture and his figures, and of Hobson’s miscellaneous dream-brain stances and his mostly physiological models, I propose the adoption of the monist patterned double aspect posture of J. L. Díaz, one that could be configured in a model that would be similar to actual polysomnographic records and should contain psychological phenomena (as bizarreness) linked to Corsi-Cabrera’s physiological data.

Palabras clave: mind-body problem, dreams-brain problem, oneiric consciousness, dreams, brain, models, REM sleep, emergent monism, double aspect monism

LAS DIFICULTADES DE LA EMPATÍA Y LAS RAÍCES AFECTIVAS DEL RACISMO (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 35 (2011)

Elizabeth Ormart. Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina., eormart@gmail.com
Juan Brunetti. Jefe de Trabajos Prácticos en la Universidad Nacional de La Matanza, Argentina.

Palabras clave: empatía, raíces afectivas, racismo, raza, igualdad, eugenesia, selección humana, explotación, metáfora de la casa cerrada

LAS EMOCIONES COMO METAPROGRAMAS: LO QUE LA PSICOLOGÍA EVOLUCIONISTA NOS PUEDE ENSEÑAR SOBRE ÉSTAS (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 45 (2016)

Andrea F. Melamed. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Buenos Aires; CONICET, Argentina., afmelamed@gmail.com

The problem of how to characterize emotions is still open. Different approaches have been grouped into two major views: on the one hand, cognitive theory holds that emotions are essentially constituted by some kind of evaluative judgment; on the other, perceptual theory denies that an evaluation of that sort is necessary for an emotion to occur. In this paper I examine the proposal of evolutionary psychology, specially in the face of emotion problems. In particular, I consider the possibility that their original conception of emotions as superordinate programs, could solve the dispute between the perceptual view and those that defend that a cognitive component, usually an appraisal, is required for an emotion to occur.

Palabras clave: Emoción, cognición, apreciación, percepción, programa, programa superordinario, psicología evolucionaria, adaptación.

LAS ESPECIES COMO LINAJES DE POBLACIONES MICROEVOLUTIVAMENTE INTERCONECTADAS (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 41 (2014)

Gustavo Caponi. Departamento de Filosofía, Universidad Federal de Santa Catarina, Brasil, gustavoandrescaponi@gmail.com

Species can be defined as a lineage of populations where microevolutionary isolation was never set up. ‘Micro-evolutionary isolation’ between two populations occur, if and only if, the micro-evolutionary processes affecting one of them (namely, natural selection, genetic drift, sexual selection, mutation and/or migration) cannot reach the other. This is a delimitation of the evolutionary species concept that is compatible and in accordance with the conceptual division of labor that some authors have proposed to solve the problems raised when defining the concept ‘species’.

Palabras clave: definition of species, evolutionary species concept, micro-evolutionary isoliation

LAS TEORÍAS CIENTÍFICAS NACEN COMO RESPUESTA A PROBLEMAS DE LA EXPERIENCIA. UNA OBJECIÓN A PAUL THOMPSON (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 35 (2011)

Daniel Blanco. CONICET, UNQ, UNTREF. Derqui 2330 (3000) Santa Fe, Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina., dblanco@unl.edu.ar

This paper is about Paul Thompson’s position regarding the way in which the identity of scientific theories is determined, that is, excluding from the explication the intended applications of the community of users. Following this presentation, it shows how the inclusion of this set of applications in the theory identity, as recommended by the structuralist view of scientific theories, not only does not bear the problems Thompson wished to avoid, but also allows to see certain diachronic aspects of the theory that otherwise would go unnoticed.

Palabras clave: Adams, Visión estructuralista de las teorías, campo de aplicación, Semantismo, explicación teórica, teoría de la evolución, Paul Thompson

LE COMMENSALISME: D’UN CONCEPT MORAL A UN CONCEPT SCIENTIFIQUE (Français)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 38 (2012)

Brice Poreau. Laboratoire S2HEP, Sciences, Société, Historicité, Education, Pratiques, Université de Lyon 1, Lyon, France, bbcharles@hotmail.com

In the book entitled Les commensaux et les parasites dans le regne animal, published in 1875, Pierre-Joseph Van Beneden (1809-1894), a Belgian zoologist, put forward three different biological associations: parasitism, mutualism and commensalism. The last one considers an association with two different species: one partner benefits, while the other neither benefits nor is harmed, in a kind of stable equilibrium. In the first definitions given by Van Beneden in the 1860’s, the language style is not the same as we use in this definition. It is clearly an anthropomorphic point of view. Commensalism was seen then as a moral concept. In this article, we want to show the history of commensalism that transits from a “moral” concept to a scientific and biological one during the twentieth century.

Palabras clave: comensalismo, Pierre Joseph Van Beneden, asociaciones biológicas, concepto moral

LENGUAJE Y ESTRUCTURAS DE LA FUNCIÓN REPRESENTACIONAL: LA CATEGORÍA DE “GRAMÁTICA MÍNIMA” EN LA INTERPRETACIÓN DE SU FILOGÉNESIS (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 44 (2015)

Eduardo Malagón Mosqueda. Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla.
Jorge H. Flores. Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia., erato739@gmail.com

We attempt to contribute to the explanation of the origins and nature of language starting from the linguistic function as an emergent modular capacity produced by the evolution of combined pre-linguistic attributes, already present in human evolution prior to Homo sapiens sapiens. We emphasize the basic capacity to make mental representations of reality and propose the concept of “minimal grammar”, mathematically modeled here by integrating the functional correlates between representations and syntactic transformations. From this formulation it is demonstrated that any conceivable statement can be generated—following this sort of elementary grammar—by means of sequences of binary permutation of representational units.

Palabras clave: Capacidades prelingüísticas, gramática mínima, simbolización, trascendencia fenomenológica, representación mental, emergencia

LOS HECHOS Y LAS HIPÓTESIS EN LA FISIOLOGÍA FRANCESA DEL SIGLO XIX (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 45 (2016)

José Luis González Recio. Departamento de Filosofía Teorética, Facultad de Filosofía, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, España., jlrg@filos.ucm.es

The historiographical studies focused on French nineteenth-century physiology have eventually enshrined the thesis that the need to resort to hypotheses was assumed and proclaimed for the first time within the works and scientific practice of Claude Bernard (1813-1888). His teacher, François Magendie (1783- 1855), is presented as a figure that fights against vitalism and that, devoted to an absolute empiricism, only admits the bare facts as constitutive elements of science. He accepted generalizations—as long as they were not premature— from what he called materials collected within experience, but rejected that ideas or hypotheses could lead the scientific path. Although this image of Magendie is widely shared —and was even prompted by some of his statements— this paper aims to show precisely that it is an image that does not correspond to reality. Magendie did know the crucial role of hypotheses within physiological research. Not only that; he used them extensively in his scientific work and in his activity as a researcher committed to the implementation of experimental
physiology.

Palabras clave: Magendie, observación, hechos, hipótesis, método experimental, psicología científica del siglo diecinueve

LOS LINAJES BIOLÓGICOS COMO INDIVIDUOS (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 35 (2011)

Gustavo Caponi. Departamento de Filosofía, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brasil., caponi@cfh.ufsc.br

The thesis according to which, in evolutionary biology, species are thought as individual entities is discussed here pointing to three particular questions: the supposition that individuals are always entities able to be spatially localized; the characterization of the nature of the processes to which taxa, being individual entities, are submitted, and the need of a clear distinction between two types of individual entities: the lineages and the systems. We also make comparisons between the Darwinian way of understanding species and the way in which Buffon understood them, and between the Darwinian genealogical taxonomy and the typological taxonomy proposed by Cuvier.

Palabras clave: Genealogía, Individuos, linajes, clases naturales, especies, sistemas, tipología

MODULARIDAD, EVOLUCIÓN, Y ONTOLOGÍA RELIGIOSA (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 38 (2012)

Juan C. Vélez. Departamento de Humanidades, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Cali, Colombia, karlegion@yahoo.es

Should science study religion? In this paper I propose a way to understand the religious phenomena, based in its ontology, without excluding science, particularly cognitive sciences. Modularity of mind and evolutionary psychology can account for the origin of dualism and the teleology that underlies the minds that hosted religious beliefs. I will argue, from Dennett, Boyer and Dawkins naturalism, that religious phenomena is not a biological adaptation but a by-product of psychological mechanisms designed for another activities, such as the prediction of our and those of others behaviors, and the understanding of other living beings and natural phenomena.

Palabras clave: modularidad, evolución, cognición, adaptación, naturalización, religión

MULTIPLICAR MUELLES FRENTE AL MAR. EN TORNO A LA NECESIDAD DE LA INTERDISCIPLINARIEDAD (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 35 (2011)

Paulina Rivero Webber. Facultad de Filosofía y letras, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México., paulinagrw@yahoo.com

Palabras clave: Interdisciplina, ciencia, filosofía.

MYSTICAL EXPERIENCE AS AN EMPIRICAL FACT. PERCEPTION, MEANING, INSIGHT (English)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 35 (2011)

Louw Feenstra. Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, ‘s-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands., L.Feenstra@erasmusmc.nl
Nico Tydeman. Zen Centrum Amsterdam, Binnenkant 39, 1011 BM Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Tydeman@scarlet.nl

This review is one step farther into our reflections on the fringes of epistemology. We started by analyzing the peculiarities of the senses and then moved into the conflicting worldviews of science and religion 1. In this review we try to bring some structure into the many views, contradictions and similarities about mysticism across cultures, which we—from the very start— take as special kind of perception.

Palabras clave: Iluminación, meditación, misticismo, percepción, religión.

PARA ENTENDER LA PERSPECTIVA. HISTORIA, PINTURA, GEOMETRÍA Y LITERATURA (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 35 (2011)

J. Rafael Martínez E.. Departamento de Matemáticas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México., vignola10@yahoo.com

Palabras clave: perspectiva, historia, pintura, geometría, literatura.

PARCIALIDAD EPISTÉMICA Y COOPERACIÓN SOCIAL (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 35 (2011)

Mónica Gómez Salazar. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México., manigomi73@yahoo.com

Palabras clave: cooperación, parcialidad epistémica, marcos conceptuales, epistemología, interdisciplina.

PARTICULARISMO EPISTÉMICO, FRAGMENTACIÓN ACADÉMICA E INTERDISCIPLINARIEDAD (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 35 (2011)

Jordi Mundó. Profesor de Filosofía y Metodología de las Ciencias Sociales y Morales. Departamento de Teoría Sociológica, Filosofía del Derecho y Metodología de las Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Barcelona, España., jordimundo@ub.edu

Palabras clave: particularismo epistémico, fragmentación académica, interdisciplinariedad, particularismo ontológico

PASAJE DE LENGUAS (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 35 (2011)

Rose-Marie Mariaca Fellman. Psicoanalista. École lacanienne de Psychanalyse., mariacafellman@att.net.mx

Palabras clave: psicoanálisis, Lacan, pasaje de lenguas, descifrar, transliteración

PLAY OFF (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 35 (2011)

Fernando Auciello. Culturas Lúdicas, Instituto Superior de Formación Yuguets, Buenos Aires, Argentina., fauciello@hotmail.com

Palabras clave: interdisciplina, juego, convivencia, jerga, estudios del juego

PLURIDISCIPLINA Y CAMBIOS COSMOVISIONALES (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 35 (2011)

Marcel Cano Soler. Departament de Filosofia Teorètica i Pràctica. Facultat de Filosofia, Universitat de Barcelona, España., cano@ub.edu

Palabras clave: pluridisciplina, cosmovisión, especialización, paradigma tecnocientífico.

POSIBILIDADES DE LA INTERDISCIPLINA EN PSICOANÁLISIS (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 35 (2011)

Nestor A. Braunstein. Doctor en medicina y cirugía, psicoanalista, profesor en el posgrado de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la UNAM. Escritor y ensayista. Miembro del Seminario de Problemas Científicos y Filosóficos de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México., nestor.braunstein@gmail.com

Palabras clave: Interdisciplina, psicoanálisis, disciplina, ramas del saber.

PRECISIONES INTERDISCIPLINARES Y CONCEPTUALES DE LOS TÉRMINOS CYBORG, CLON HUMANO Y ROBOT (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 35 (2011)

Frances Mestres Naval. Dept. Genética, Universitat de Barcelona, España., fmestres@ub.edu
Josep Vives-Rego. Dept. Microbiología, Universitat de Barcelona, España. /, jvives@ub.edu

Palabras clave: cyborg, clon, humano, robot, androide, replicante.

RASGOS DE LA INTERPRETACIÓN ARQUEOLÓGICA. LA HIPÓTESIS SOBRE COMPARTIR ALIMENTOS EN EL PALEOLÍTICO (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 45 (2016)

Aura Ponce de León. Centro de Estudios Filosóficos, Políticos y Sociales Vicente Lombardo Toledano – SEP, México., aura.cefpsvlt@gmail.com

An example of an archaeological interpretation of certain traces of hominid intervention over the environment is examined in order to show some aspects of its disciplinary reasoning: its hypothetical nature, its choice of certain types of evidence and certain models to interpret them. The example under consideration is the classic interpretation of Glynn Isaac about food sharing behavior, inferred from the particular spatial and qualitative configuration of a group of archaeological remains. It is stated that each interpretative choice that is made discards not only unacceptable alternatives, but also other possible and acceptable ones within the viewpoint with which they are made. It is proposed that the biases that lead to choose one over the others come from various sources: inclinations and beliefs of who investigates, their certainties on the bodies of information that are appropriate to interpret, the prevailing academic environment, the focuses of attention, among others. Emphasis on searching and evaluation of consistency and coherence in models and analogies is made. Finally, it is proposed that by accepting the fragmentary, approximate and hypothetical nature of archaeological explanation, it can be clearly seen how plausible, fruitful, interesting and informative it is.

Palabras clave: Interpretación arqueológica, conducta de compartir alimentos, arqueología paleolítica.

RAZÓN DE ESTAR: COGNICIÓN SITUADA Y CEREBRO PARTÍCIPE (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 44 (2015)

José Luis Díaz Gómez. Departamento de Historia y Filosofía de la Medicina. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México., jldiaz43@gamail.com

The fundamental concepts of situated and embodied cognition are explicit in the grammar and meaning of the Spanish verb estar (being in a temporary state or location as a distinct interpretation of the verb to be). Such meaning has been analyzed by phenomenological philosophers and conveyed by existential poets, particularly by several expatriates of the Spanish Civil War. Similar tenets were independently developed by holistic biology and psychology specialists, and in recent times their neurobiological foundations have been increasingly revealed and indicate that the brain is a crucial participant of the situated mind. Such transdisciplinary convergence constitutes a natural philosophy of estar understood as the nature of the active connection between cognitive creatures and their physical, social, and symbolic environment.

Palabras clave: Estar, estar ahí, cognición situada, fenomenología, Dasein, psicología ambiental, conciencia de tiempo y espacio, tiempo presente, presencia, cerebro situado, Jorge Guillén.

REALIZACIÓN, ORGANIZACIÓN Y DIFUSIÓN EN LA INTERDISCIPLINA (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 35 (2011)

Ángel Rivera. Licenciado en Medicina y Cirugía. Jefe de Sección del Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanima- ción del Hospital del Tajo de Aranjuez (Madrid). Doctor en prehistoria. Colaborador del Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, España., arivera952@hotmail.com

Palabras clave: interdisciplina, realización, organización, difusión

Saltos funcionales en la evolución del lenguaje: de un protolenguaje léxico-simbólico distribuido al habla del humano anatómicamente moderno (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 44 (2015)

Alicia Escalonilla. Departamento de Lógica y Filosofía de la Ciencia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, España, aescalonilla@gmail.com

This paper presents the Extended TESE theory, which proposes the evolution
of language through three functional steps: distributed symbolic-lexical protolanguage;
human speech, and recursion. This theory is based on an evolutionary framework that includes biological emergencies (exaptation, epigenesis, symbiogenesis, deep homology) as an everyday process that complements the role of natural selection. It is also based on a conception of the mind consisting of weak modules or distributed functional neural systems. Finally, it sympathizes with a linguistic description similar to what non-transformational generative grammars do.
This paper discusses the first two steps, stressing the symbiotic relationship between protolanguage and symbolic processes, as well as anatomical and neural specific peculiarities of speech. Extended TESE fits into an externalist structuralism.

Palabras clave: Protolenguaje léxico-simbólico distribuido, habla humana, recursión, emergencias biológicas, exaptación, epigénesis, homología profunda, simbiogénesis, multimodularidad débil, estructuralismo externista

SONIDOS, RUIDOS Y SILENCIOS: ENTRE LA CRISIS Y LA PERMANENCIA DEL DETERMINISMO GENÉTICO EN LA BIOLOGÍA CONTEMPORÁNEA (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 43 (2015)

Nahuel Pallitto. Grupo de Filosofía de las Ciencias-FCEN/FFyL-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina., nahuelpallitto@gmail.com
Alicia Massarini. Grupo de Filosofía de las Ciencias-FCEN/FFyL-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina., aliciamassarini@yahoo.com.ar
Guillermo Folguera. Grupo de Filosofía de las Ciencias-FCEN/FFyL-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina., guillefolguera@yahoo.com.ar

This work critically analyzes the characterization of genetic determinism given
by some areas of contemporary biology. The main hypothesis is that even if
some important theoretical changes have occur in recent decades, genetic
determinism continues to be assumed in areas such as behavioral biology and
some techno-scientific endeavors such as the Human Genome Project.

Palabras clave: Determinismo genético, genética cuantitativa, relación genotipo-fenotipo, síntesis biológica, la síntesis extendida, epigénesis, Evo-Devo, biología conductual, proyecto del genoma humano, diversidad teorética.

TERCER SALTO FUNCIONAL EN LA EVOLUCIÓN DEL LENGUAJE: RECURSIÓN (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 45 (2016)

Alicia Escalonilla González. Departamento de Lógica y Filosofía de la Ciencia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España., aescalonilla@gmail.com

This article reflects on what recursion is, how it evolved, what frame of mind lies before this linguistic feature, which brain areas are involved, and whether it is a unique feature of human language. Recursion is conceived as the third and last functional step in the evolution of language, within the framework of TELES3 (Theory of Language Evolution by Three Emergencies and Natural Selection).
This theory is based in the idea that a lexical symbolic protolanguage emerged first, and later only in our species emerged modern speech. The type of recursion taken into account is the central-embedding, which recently arose as a critical point emergence that caused an epigenetic change in the previous language system, which profoundly increased its verbal working memory. Recursion is not a separate system from the rest of the artifacts that make up the distributed functional neural linguistic system. Finally, this paper analyzes the implications for TELES3 about the possibility of the absence of recursion in pirahã and others languages.

Palabras clave: Recursión, paso funcional, incrustación central, punto crítico de emergencia, cambio epigenético, memoria de trabajo verbal, pirahã, TELES

THE EARLY RATIONALITY OF TRUST AND SKEPTICISM (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 41 (2014)

Hugo Viciana. Institut d’Histoire et Philosophie des Sciences, Paris-1, ENS, CNRS, France, Hugo.Viciana@normalesup.org
Antonio Gaitán. Universidad Carlos III, Madrid, España

Palabras clave: eseña bibliográfica, reseña

THE FEATHERED ONE IN THE FLOCK OF MODELS: GALLUS GALLUS AS A MODEL ORGANISM FOR DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (English)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 41 (2014)

Miguel López Paleta. Grupo de estudios Sociales de la Ciencia. Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM, miguelpaleta@comunidad.unam.mx
Edna Suárez Díaz. Grupo de estudios Sociales de la Ciencia. Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM, ednasuarez@ciencias.unam.mx

This paper aims to provide a critical picture of the role of domestic fowl (Gallus gallus) as a “model organism” in developmental biology. As such, it seeks to be a contribution in the field of historical epistemology, broadly defined. We take into account the characterization of model organisms by Ankeny and Leonelli (2011) and, secondarily, the one developed by Rheinberger (2010), in order to discuss the ways in which chicken fulfils, or not, the epistemic and material features of current model organisms. In a similar manner, we bring up some new arguments to those that chicken researchers have provide when facing the fact that Gallus gallus is not an organism frequently used in certain genetic research contexts. Finally, we consider some interesting topics in the philosophical reflection on model organisms that could be illuminated by the case of the domestic fowl.

Palabras clave: model organisms, Gallus gallus, chicken, developmental biology, modeling, representation, vertebrate biology, philosophy of biology, scientific practic

THE HYPOTHETICAL-DEDUCTIVE METHOD OR THE INFERENCE TO THE BEST EXPLANATION: THE CASE OF THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION BY NATURAL SELECTION (English)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 45 (2016)

Juan Ernesto Calderón. Departamento de Filosofía, Facultad de Filosofía, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina., jecalderon99@yahoo.com.ar

Critical rationalism sustains that the best way of evaluating scientific theories is through the hypothetical-deductive method. Scientific hypotheses are tested deducting observational conducts from them. The task of science is to refute hypotheses, which mandates to postulate other hypotheses which can surpass the previous ones in terms of their precision and explanatory content. However, according to the Duhem-Quine thesis, the problem is that a hypothesis can never be totally refuted. In view of this, the hypothetical- deductive method appears as extremely permissive, but minimally probative. The aims of this paper are to show that: (1) the so-called ‘inference to the best explanation’ gives a more adequate answer than the hypothetical-deductive method about how to evaluate scientific theories; (2) The theory of evolution by natural selection is a clear example of what is pointed out in (1).

Palabras clave: Inference to the best explanation, hypothetical-deductive method, Duhem-Quine theory, theory of evolution by natural selection.

THE TWO SIDES OF THE HOURGLASS: ANALYTIC AND SYNTHETIC APPROACHES IN CANCER RESEARCH (English)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 35 (2011)

Marta Bertolaso. Institute of Philosophy of Scientific and Technological Activity, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128, Rome, Italy., m.bertolaso@unicampus.it

Consolidation of experimental science has brought about the tri­ umph of the analytic perspective that decomposes nature in order to under­ stand its molecular instances. This methodological approach reinforced the reductionism that has dominated empirical research in biomedicine over the last century. Cancer research constitutes an example. Nevertheless, the evolu­ tion of the interpretative models of its etiopathogenesis shows how different levels of biological organization might be involved in cancer origin and pro­ gression. New models have been challenging traditional reductionism, moving towards a systemic view that is posing an epistemological stance in cancer research, revealing the potentialities beyond a synthetic perspective in study­ ing biological phenomena and showing how the level of causal explanation become crucial to understand cancer. A new reflection on the philosophy of causation seems to be required through the integration of both perspectives, in order to provide a comprehensive causal account of the neoplastic process.

Palabras clave: Investigación sobre cáncer, reduccionismo, complejidad biológica, causas biológicas, predicción, control.

TODOS TENEMOS CREENCIAS FILOSÓFICAS (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 41 (2014)

Pascual F. Martínez Freire. Departamento de Filosofía. Universidad de Málaga, España, martinez.freire@gmail.com

Palabras clave: Foro Ludus Vitalis, creencias filosóficas, filosofía

UN MARCO SISTEMÁTICO PARA ENTENDER (Y ACASO PREDECIR) LAS RELACIONES VINCULANTES EN EL AMOR EN LAS PAREJAS (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 45 (2016)

José de Jesús Padua. Posgrado en Filosofía de la Ciencia, Instituto de Investigaciones Filosóficas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México., josepadua@mac.com

Is it possible to predict a couple’s behavior? The main hypothesis is that through a certain criteria it can be not only defined, but also predicted. This criteria are: subjective factors about the amorousness’ experience, communication patterns, perception of time, humor, the oneself’s and the relationship’s definition according to each member of the couple, a common project, and sexuality. Each relationship and each member of the couple gets involved in different ways; this is called degree of involvement and is defined as the quantity of actions, emotions, thoughts and behaviors that each person does or has for the other. Another important indicator is the degree of inevitability: the lack of capability of a person or a couple to control their thoughts, behavior and their emotions towards the binding object.

Palabras clave: Experiencia amorosa, patrones de comunicación, percepción del tiempo, humor, definición de uno mismo, proyecto común, sexualidad, grado de involucramiento, grado de inevitabilidad.

UNA DEUDA PENDIENTE EN LAS CIENCIAS HUMANAS: LA INCLUSIÓN DE LOS APORTES DE LA GENÉTICA Y LA BIOLOGÍA EVOLUCIONISTA (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 44 (2015)

María Natalia Zavadiker. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucuman, Argentina., zavadivker@yahoo.com.ar

This article aims to push forward the importance to human and social sciences of genetics of behavior and evolutionary biology knowledge. We do this in order to advance towards an interdisciplinary approach to social phenomena that do not ignore or dismiss their biological roots. It begins with an analysis of the reasons for such denial within the dominant discourse in the human sciences. We present next some recent advances in behavior genetics, molecular biology and evolutionary biology that may overcome the traditional dichotomy heredity-environment. We posit instead their necessary complementarity and interaction. Various forms of such correlation are exposed and we apply theoretical tools to analyze the fundamental causes to individual, social, cultural and ethnic differences, emphasizing the multiplier or inhibitory effect that the environment can have on the genetic potential.
that the environment can have on the genetic potential.

Palabras clave: Medio ambiente, biología evolucionaria, ciencias humanas, comportamiento humano, correlación, cultura-naturaleza, genética de comportamiento, interacción genotipo-medio ambiente, retroalimentación.

UNNATURALNESS (English)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 41 (2014)

Alan Holland. Emeritus Professor of Applied Philosophy, Philosophy Department, Lancaster University, UK, a.holland@lancaster.ac.uk

A popular objection to various applications of biotechnology is that they are ‘unnatural.’ The objection is usually dismissed by academics and policy-makers alike. Sometimes it is treated by them as a mere expression of distaste. At other times ‘being unnatural’ is confused with ‘being artificial,’ a confusion which then feeds the misguided observation that if you object to unnaturalness as such, you will end up objecting to almost everything that humans do. Either way, the supposed consequence is that the objection can safely be ignored. In response, this paper takes some initial steps towards rescuing the concept of unnaturalness as a potential term of critical appraisal in public policy. First, an analysis of the concept is offered that differentiates it from concepts with which it is commonly confused and identifies that feature of a thing, event or action that the term is commonly used to designate. Second, this analysis is used to illustrate the kinds of discrimination that the term, thus understood, might usefully be deployed to express. It is concluded that the concept of ‘unnaturalness’ could mark out a valuable space for critical reflection both in the environmental sphere and, increasingly, in the sphere of medical technology.

Palabras clave: Artificial, nature, natural, culture, biotechnology, medical interventions, critical reflection, norm of nature, normal, abnormal, ordinary, extraordinary.

Vida y organización: DOS CONCEPTOS CENTRALES EN LA BIOLOGÍA DE LAMARCK (Español)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 35 (2011)

Julio Alejandro Castro Moreno. Departamento de Biología, Universidad Pedagógica Nacional, Bogotá, Colombia, jcastro@pedagogia.edu.co; alecasmor@yahoo.es

We recognize the necessity of a nero-Lamarckism in biology history, which would be based on some approaches that Lamarck made on biology itself. We propose that organization and life are the central concepts of that science, according to the claims made by the French naturalist. Thus, in the first section we present the Lamarckian concepts of life and organization, as well as the interrelationships between them. The second section posits that organi­zation and order are not synonymous in Lamarck’s proposal, but complemen­ tary. In the third section we criticize the supposed linearity Lamarck attributed to improvement of organization, and we show that he proposed various ramifications in that progress. The theme of the fourth section focuses on the question of whether Lamarck’s biology was only an outline, as suggested by him in various places. The conclusions indicate how we understand the new Lamarckism that we are advocating.

Palabras clave: Lamarck, biología, organización, orden, organismo, vida, progreso, historia de la biología, Lamarcksismo, circunstancias.

WHY IS MODERN SYNTHESIS STILL IN FORCE? (English)

Ludus Vitalis. Núm. 38 (2012)

Juan Ernesto Calderón. Departamento de Filosofía, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina, jecalderon99@yahoo.com

The Modern Synthesis has been object of harsh criticism. Nowadays, one of them stems from the ‘Intelligent Design Doctrine’. This doctrine questions the possibility of explaining the origin of novel living forms through the process of natural selection that acts on phenotypic characters. However, the Intelligent Design Doctrine does not reject Modern Synthesis in bloc because it accepts its contributions to understand the microevolutionary processes. The aims of this paper are: (i) To explain why the Modern Synthesis is still in force within the scientific community, and (ii) To show how the divide et impera strategy may clarify this situation.

Palabras clave: síntesis moderna, estrategia de divide et impera, macroevolución, microevolución, diseño inteligente, inducción pesimista, realismo, doctrina, teoría, verdad-semejanza

¿Existe libre albedrío en la evolución? (Español)

1er CONGRESO INTERNACIONAL CEDAR-V: Evolución biológica y cultural. Xalapa (México).
Centro de Estudios Filosóficos, Políticos y Sociales Vicente Lombardo Toledano, la Universidad Veracruzana, la Université Paris 1 y CEDAR-UAM

01/09/2015. 11:30 – 12:00

Dr. Raúl Gutiérrez Lombardo. Secretario Académico del Centro de Estudios Filosóficos, Políticos y Sociales Vicente Lombardo Toledano

Descripción: Para la ciencia, llámese reduccionista, realista, empirista o, si se quiere, objetiva, el concepto libre albedrío es una cuestión carente de sentido.
Ahora bien, desde una perspectiva evolucionista habría que matizar un poco la cuestión, porque la evolución humana, a diferencia de la de los demás seres vivos, tiene dos dimensiones: una biológica, otra cultural, la cual no se da, al menos en sentido estricto, en ninguna otra especie.
Este tipo de evolución trajo consigo un modo metaorgánico de . . . evolución de la especie, mucho más rápido que el biológico, no regido por mutaciones genéticas al azar, porque las innovaciones culturales son producto de propósitos intencionales para optimizar su situación en el ambiente. Esta conducta en los seres humanos, determina la capacidad de anticipar las consecuencias de sus acciones, la capacidad de hacer juicios de valor, y la capacidad de escoger entre líneas de acción alternativas. Es decir, tener conciencia de sus actos y la voluntad para llevarlos a cabo.
En este contexto teórico podríamos abordar el problema del libre albedrío o voluntad del ser humano para elegir determinadas acciones, porque si el libre albedrío no es una apomorfia innata o instintiva del ser humano, ¿posee algún valor evolutivo?

Palabras clave: voluntad, evolución humana

 

¿Por qué una racionalidad ecológica no puede ser una racionalidad instrumental? (Español)

III Coloquio Internacional de Ciencias Cognitivas. Durango (México).
Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango (institución anfitriona), la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos (UAEMor) y el Centro de Estudios Filosóficos, Políticos y Sociales Vicente Lombardo Toledano (CEFPSVLT).

28/08/2015. 11:50 – 12:35

Ana Laura Fonseca

Palabras clave: racionalidad instrumental, racionalidad ecológica

 

¿Son las especies entes naturales? (Español)

1er CONGRESO INTERNACIONAL CEDAR-V: Evolución biológica y cultural. Xalapa (México).
Centro de Estudios Filosóficos, Políticos y Sociales Vicente Lombardo Toledano, la Universidad Veracruzana, la Université Paris 1 y CEDAR-UAM

02/09/2015. 09:00 – 10:00

Ernesto Rodríguez Luna. Universidad Veracruzana

Palabras clave: especies, entes naturales

 

El Homo duplex de Buffon y sus sucesores: comentarios en torno al libro Buffon’s Primates de Jorge Martínez Contreras.

1er CONGRESO INTERNACIONAL CEDAR-V: Evolución biológica y cultural. Xalapa (México).
Centro de Estudios Filosóficos, Políticos y Sociales Vicente Lombardo Toledano, la Universidad Veracruzana, la Université Paris 1 y CEDAR-UAM

03/09/2015. 16:00 – 18:00

Jean Gayon. Director IHPST-Paris 1
Michel Bourdeau. IHPST (CNRS- Université Paris 1-ENS), mbbourdeau@gmail.com
Gustavo Caponi. Profesor del Departamento de Filosofía en Universidad Federal de Santa Catarina, gustavoandrescaponi@gmail.com
María Luisa Bacarlett. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, bacarlett@gmail.com

Descripción:

Coordina: Joao Quartim de Moraes

Palabras clave: Buffon, evolución humana

 

Evolución humana y tecnología. (Español)

1er CONGRESO INTERNACIONAL CEDAR-V: Evolución biológica y cultural. Xalapa (México).
Centro de Estudios Filosóficos, Políticos y Sociales Vicente Lombardo Toledano, la Universidad Veracruzana, la Université Paris 1 y CEDAR-UAM

01/09/2015. 13:00 – 13:30

José Antonio Hernanz Moral

Palabras clave: tecnología

 

Hacia el origen de las representaciones mentales de los números naturales

III Coloquio Internacional de Ciencias Cognitivas. Durango (México).
Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango (institución anfitriona), la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos (UAEMor) y el Centro de Estudios Filosóficos, Políticos y Sociales Vicente Lombardo Toledano (CEFPSVLT).

27/08/2015. 15:45 – 16:30

Mathieu Lecorre

Palabras clave: representación mental

 

La capacidad de reflexión en la evolución. Preguntas y comentarios (Español)

1er CONGRESO INTERNACIONAL CEDAR-V: Evolución biológica y cultural. Xalapa (México).
Centro de Estudios Filosóficos, Políticos y Sociales Vicente Lombardo Toledano, la Universidad Veracruzana, la Université Paris 1 y CEDAR-UAM

01/09/2015. 13:30 – 14:00

Jorge Martínez Contreras

Palabras clave: evolución, reflexión

 

La explicación causal biológica dentro de un marco fisicalista.

1er CONGRESO INTERNACIONAL CEDAR-V: Evolución biológica y cultural. Xalapa (México).
Centro de Estudios Filosóficos, Políticos y Sociales Vicente Lombardo Toledano, la Universidad Veracruzana, la Université Paris 1 y CEDAR-UAM

03/09/2015. 09:00 – 10:00

Gustavo Caponi. Profesor del Departamento de Filosofía en Universidad Federal de Santa Catarinaa, gustavoandrescaponi@gmail.com

Descripción: Reconocer la clausura causal del dominio físico no le quita valor epistémico a las explicaciones causales de procesos y fenómenos biológicos que aluden a propiedades sobrevinientes a las propiedades físicas; y para reconocer ese valor epistémico no es necesario romper con el fisicalismo. Esto queda claro cuando se admite la concepción experimentalista de la explicación causal conforme ella fue presentada por James Woodward. Según esta perspectiva, las explicaciones e imputaciones causales no . . . suponen enunciados nómicos, sino invariantes estables bajo manipulaciones; y hay invariantes que sólo valen para propiedades sobrevinientes a las propiedades físicas: sin aludir a esas propiedades sobrevinientes, tales invariantes serían invisibles. Como también serían invisibles las tramas causales que ellos permiten descubrir; aun cuando, una vez individualizadas, esas tramas causales puedan ser eventualmente reconstruidas y explicadas en términos puramente físicos. La hybris fisicalista podría cegar a la Biología, impidiéndole su avance en el conocimiento del mundo y yendo en contra de su integración conceptual. Esto ya lo había comprendido Claude Bernard cuando sentó los fundamentos de su programa para la Fisiología Experimental.
Presenta: Eugenio Andrade

Palabras clave: fisiología experimental, explicación causal

 

Mesa magistral. Animalidad: aspectos históricos y contemporáneos (Español)

1er CONGRESO INTERNACIONAL CEDAR-V: Evolución biológica y cultural. Xalapa (México).
Centro de Estudios Filosóficos, Políticos y Sociales Vicente Lombardo Toledano, la Universidad Veracruzana, la Université Paris 1 y CEDAR-UAM

03/09/2015. 12:30 – 14:30

Michel Bourdeau. IHPST (CNRS- Université Paris 1-ENS), mbbourdeau@gmail.com
Antonio Javier Diéguez Lucena. Catedrático de Lógica y Filosofía de la Ciencia Universidad de Málaga (UMA), dieguez@uma.es
Rosario Pérez Bernal
R. López Wilchis

Descripción:

La concepción positivista del animal.
La animalidad. Sobre lo que somos y lo que nos limita.
Borges y la clasificación de los seres fantásticos.
¿Qué se siente ser murciélago 40 años después de Nagel?

Palabras clave: positivismo, animalidad, Nagel

 

Mesa magistral. Darwinismo contemporáneo (Español)

1er CONGRESO INTERNACIONAL CEDAR-V: Evolución biológica y cultural. Xalapa (México).
Centro de Estudios Filosóficos, Políticos y Sociales Vicente Lombardo Toledano, la Universidad Veracruzana, la Université Paris 1 y CEDAR-UAM

02/09/2015. 12:30 – 14:30

Eugenio Andrade
Á. K. Ávila Hernández
J.M. Rodríguez Caso
J. Quartim de Moreas

Descripción:

La propuesta del “darwinismo cuántico” de W. H. Zurek, y su controvertido aporte a las teorías de la evolución biológica.
Egoístas, Altruistas y Simbiontes: La reciprocidad en el marco de la Evolución Ambiental.
La explicación de la moralidad en los arquitectos de la Síntesis Moderna.
Trabajo y evolución.

Coordina: Gustavo Caponi

Palabras clave: trabajo, evolución, egoísmo

 

Mesa magistral. Evolución humana (Español)

1er CONGRESO INTERNACIONAL CEDAR-V: Evolución biológica y cultural. Xalapa (México).
Centro de Estudios Filosóficos, Políticos y Sociales Vicente Lombardo Toledano, la Universidad Veracruzana, la Université Paris 1 y CEDAR-UAM

02/09/2015. 10:00 – 12:00

Aura Ponce de León. Centro de Estudios Filosóficos, Políticos y Sociales Vicente Lombardo Toledano
José Luis Vera Cortés
Bernardo Yáñez. Centro de Estudios Filosóficos, Políticos y Sociales Vicente Lombardo Toledano
Antonio Rodríguez Puente

Descripción:

Antropogénesis y arte paleolítico: enfoques teóricos.
Homo simbolicus: el origen de la mente y la cultura humana.
Hacia una hipótesis sintética de los modelos emergente y gradualista de la evolución y origen del simbolismo.
Evolución y esencialismo.

Coordina: Antonio Diéguez

Palabras clave: trabajo, evolución, egoísmo

 

Mesa magistral. Evolución y cognición (Español)

1er CONGRESO INTERNACIONAL CEDAR-V: Evolución biológica y cultural. Xalapa (México).
Centro de Estudios Filosóficos, Políticos y Sociales Vicente Lombardo Toledano, la Universidad Veracruzana, la Université Paris 1 y CEDAR-UAM

03/09/2015. 10:00 – 12:00

J. García Campos. UJED
Paola Hernández Chávez. Centro de Estudios Filosóficos políticos y Sociales Vicente Lombardo Toledano
A. C. Morales Mendoza. CEDAR-UAM
María Lourdes Ramírez Argonza
M¡V. M. Romero Sánchez

Descripción:

¿Qué tipo de consideraciones evolutivas es valioso incorporar en las ciencias cognitivas?: el caso de los módulos de razonamiento social.
Evolución estética: neurociencia, subjetividad y el hueco explicativo.
Automatismo frente al no-automatismo: imitación y emociones, casos relacionados.
Dos argumentos para el análisis del problema de la identidad personal.

Coordina: Michel Bourdeau

Palabras clave: automatismo, identidad personal, estética

 

Mesa magistral. Primates; evolución cognitiva y cultural (Español)

1er CONGRESO INTERNACIONAL CEDAR-V: Evolución biológica y cultural. Xalapa (México).
Centro de Estudios Filosóficos, Políticos y Sociales Vicente Lombardo Toledano, la Universidad Veracruzana, la Université Paris 1 y CEDAR-UAM

01/09/2015. 16:00 – 18:00

Alba L. Pérez Ruiz. Centro de estudios Filosóficos, Políticos y Sociales vicente Lombardo Toledano
Vicente M. Claramonte Sanza. Universidad de Valencia
Dairon Rodríguez Ramírez
Laura V. Cuaya

Descripción:

Sociedades de primates: conflicto intra-grupo y los factores que influyen en su resolución.
Hitos en la evolución de la moralidad: las conductas de consuelo, reconciliación y mediación entre primates no humanos.
¿Son los grandes simios capaces de aprender sobre relaciones causa-efecto?
Percepción de caras humanas en perros mediante resonancia magnética funcional.

Coordina: Domingo Canales

Palabras clave: primates, evolución, simios

 

Mesa magistral. Problemas evolutivos biológicos (Español)

1er CONGRESO INTERNACIONAL CEDAR-V: Evolución biológica y cultural. Xalapa (México).
Centro de Estudios Filosóficos, Políticos y Sociales Vicente Lombardo Toledano, la Universidad Veracruzana, la Université Paris 1 y CEDAR-UAM

02/09/2015. 16:00 – 18:00

F. J. Serrano Bosquet
M. L. Bacarlett Pérez
Oscar D. Caicedo Machacón
A. J. Montiel Castro

Descripción:

Teoría y práctica en la producción de trigo estadounidense.
Enfermedad, comportamiento y creación en las obras de Maurice Merleau-Ponty y de Georges Canguilhem.
La evolución biológica, la cultura y el continuum animal-humano.
Origen evolutivo de la Moral.
Ideas acerca de la cooperación y la ayuda mutua como fuerzas evolutivas en la obra de P. Kropotkin (s. 19).

Coordina: Ricardo López-Wilchis

Palabras clave: moral, enfermedad, cultura

 

No somos libres, pero podríamos serlo menos. (Español)

1er CONGRESO INTERNACIONAL CEDAR-V: Evolución biológica y cultural. Xalapa (México).
Centro de Estudios Filosóficos, Políticos y Sociales Vicente Lombardo Toledano, la Universidad Veracruzana, la Université Paris 1 y CEDAR-UAM

01/09/2015. 12:00 – 12:30

Antonio Javier Diéguez Lucena. Catedrático de Lógica y Filosofía de la Ciencia Universidad de Málaga (UMA), dieguez@uma.es

Descripción: El problema del libre albedrío se ha convertido en un auténtico rompecabezas filosófico, especialmente para los enfoques naturalistas. No
hay, ciertamente, una respuesta fácil para el desafío teórico que representa, pero lo que está claro es que las aportaciones de las ciencias
cognitivas y de las neurociencias son fundamentales para su clarificación.
Sin embargo, algunas disputas filosóficas pueden ayudar también a cambiar el enfoque predominante. El reciente debate acerca de si el mejoramiento . . . moral por procedimientos biomédicos limita o no la libertad de los individuos es un buen ejemplo. Se puede argumentar que no tiene por qué producirse esa limitación.

Palabras clave: libre albedrío, libertad

 

Razonamiento causal en grandes simios (Español)

III Coloquio Internacional de Ciencias Cognitivas. Durango (México).
Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango (institución anfitriona), la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos (UAEMor) y el Centro de Estudios Filosóficos, Políticos y Sociales Vicente Lombardo Toledano (CEFPSVLT).

27/08/2015. 12:35 – 13:20

Dairon Alfonso Rodríguez

Palabras clave: simios, pensamiento ausal

 

The Amodal Brain (English)

III Coloquio Internacional de Ciencias Cognitivas. Durango (México).
Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango (institución anfitriona), la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos (UAEMor) y el Centro de Estudios Filosóficos, Políticos y Sociales Vicente Lombardo Toledano (CEFPSVLT).

27/08/2015. 17:00 – 18:20

Edouard Machery. Universidad de Pittsburgh – Bradford

Replicante: Max Martínez

Palabras clave: amodal

 

Two fundamental flaws in psychology: How neuroscience and computational approaches may help (English)

III Coloquio Internacional de Ciencias Cognitivas. Durango (México).
Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango (institución anfitriona), la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos (UAEMor) y el Centro de Estudios Filosóficos, Políticos y Sociales Vicente Lombardo Toledano (CEFPSVLT).

26/08/2015. 17:20 – 18:40

Michael Thomas. Universidad de Birkbeck

Replicante: Paola Hernández

Palabras clave: neurosciencie, psychology

 

Validez de las categorías psiquiátricas y supuestos causales. (Español)

III Coloquio Internacional de Ciencias Cognitivas. Durango (México).
Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango (institución anfitriona), la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos (UAEMor) y el Centro de Estudios Filosóficos, Políticos y Sociales Vicente Lombardo Toledano (CEFPSVLT).

27/08/2015. 15:00 – 15:45

Mariana Saldedo

Palabras clave: psiquiatría, supuestos causales

 

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