Ludus Vitalis. Revista de Filosofía de las Ciencias de la Vida

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Ludus Vitalis es una publicación semestral dedicada al estudio y reflexión de los problemas metacientíficos (ontológicos, epistemológicos, metodológicos, éticos, históricos, sociológicos) de disciplinas como la biología, la medicina, la antropología, la lingüística, las ciencias de la conducta y las ciencias cognitivas.

La revista posee un carácter explícitamente filosófico, por definición analítico y crítico; su línea editorial se interesa en el debate entre distintas posturas y acepta cualquier perspectiva con la condición de que se fundamente con el rigor analítico y argumentativo de la filosofía profesional.

El título hace referencia a dos campos complementarios. Por un lado, el juego, las “reglas del juego” necesarias para la autoperpetuación de la vida, por el otro, la vida “en juego”, siempre imprevista, inconclusa, lúdica.

¿Por qué la vida como juego, por qué las ciencias, por qué la filosofía? Porque no hay juego sin reglas, pero depende de las sorpresas; porque la vida se fundamenta en un orden, pero necesita de lo inesperado; porque hacer ciencia es seguir unas normas, pero se avanza si se cuestionan.

Debemos suponer entonces que el entusiasmo y el conocimiento ocurren cuando nos situamos en los bordes, cuando cruzamos de un lado a otro los límites. ¿Por qué la filosofía? Porque la filosofía es la tradición del pensamiento que señala cómo atravesar fronteras, porque indica lugares de encuentro.

Eso es nuestra publicación: un lugar de reunión, de debate, de diálogo entre las tradiciones y prácticas que tratan con la vida. Un espacio donde se encuentran hechos y argumentos rigurosos con ideas imaginativas y especulaciones venturosas.

Ludus Vitalis es consciente de las complejidades de esta tarea. Todo discurso acerca de los fenómenos vivientes entraña una continua conversación con las cosmovisiones establecidas. No puede olvidarse que en este territorio los agentes cognitivos operan desde sus valores e intereses, que apuestan sus deseos y sus limitaciones.

Esta revista se hace cargo de las particularidades de la práctica científica y asume sus conflictos: su inventiva y su formalidad; su eficacia y su prepotencia; su pertinencia y su constricción cultural. Desde esta perspectiva, considera que el mejor conocimiento ocurre cuando incorpora la reflexión y la crítica; cuando convoca a la imaginación, a los sueños, al arte, al juego.

Patrocinadores de la Revista:

Revista semestral editada por el Centro de Estudios Filosóficos, Políticos y Sociales Vicente Lombardo Toledano de la Secretaría de Educación Pública, la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa y Edicions UIB de la Universitat de les Illes Balears.

Más información, ENVÍO DE ARTÍCULOS y políticas de la revista Ludus Vitalis en su sitio en OJS (Seleccione aquí).


Ludus Vitalis

Revista científica. Nº 45. Vol. 23. 2016. Ciudad de México (México)
Editado por: Centro de Estudios Filosóficos Políticos y Sociales Vicente lombardo Toledano de la Secretaría de Educación Pública, la Universitat de les Illes Balears, La Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa y la Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia
ISSN: 1133-5165
Ciencias Naturales: Evolucionismo, Ciencias de la Vida, Antropología, Arqueología, Psicología, Lenguaje y Lingüística, Ciencias Cognitivas.
Palabras clave: lenguaje, psyché aristotélica, enfermedades contagiosas, fisiología, psicología evolucionista, antropología biológica, paleolítico, bioética

Descripción:

Este número está dedicado a evolucionismo, epistemología, relación mente-cuerpo, conocimiento, conducta, lo humano y reseñas de libros.

1. TERCER SALTO FUNCIONAL EN LA EVOLUCIÓN DEL LENGUAJE: RECURSIÓN (Español)

Alicia Escalonilla González. Departamento de Lógica y Filosofía de la Ciencia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España., aescalonilla@gmail.com

This article reflects on what recursion is, how it evolved, what frame of mind lies before this linguistic feature, which brain areas are involved, and whether it is a unique feature of human language. Recursion is conceived as the third and last functional step in the evolution of language, within the framework of TELES3 (Theory of Language Evolution by Three Emergencies and Natural Selection).
This theory is based in the idea that a lexical symbolic protolanguage emerged first, and later only in our species emerged modern speech. The type of recursion taken into account is the central-embedding, which recently arose as a critical point emergence that caused an epigenetic change in the previous language system, which profoundly increased its verbal working memory. Recursion is not a separate system from the rest of the artifacts that make up the distributed functional neural linguistic system. Finally, this paper analyzes the implications for TELES3 about the possibility of the absence of recursion in pirahã and others languages.

Palabras clave: Recursión, paso funcional, incrustación central, punto crítico de emergencia, cambio epigenético, memoria de trabajo verbal, pirahã, TELES

2. EL PRINCIPIO DE VIDA: DE LA PSYCHÉ ARISTOTÉLICA A LA ENTELEQUIA DRIESCHIANA (Español)

Agustín Ostachuk. Centro de Estudios de Historia de la Ciencia y la Técnica "José Babini", Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina./Instituto Nacional de Investigación de las Ciencias Naturales, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales (MACN), Buenos Aires, Argentina./Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina., aostachuk@unsam.edu.ar

Is life a simple result of a conjuction of physico-chemical processes? Can be reduce to a mere juxtaposition of spatially determined events? What epistemology or world-view allow us to comprehend it? Aristotle built a novel philosophical system in wich nature is a dynamical totality, which is in constant movement. Life is its manifestation, and is formed and governed by the psyche. Psyche is the organizational principle of the different biological levels: nutritive, perceptive and intellective. Driesch's crucial experiment provided empirical proof of the principle of life, which he called "entelechy". Entelechy is an intensive manifoldness and cannot be comprehended by the usual extensive parameters. The entelechian's own ambiance is duration. This allows the reintroduction of the concept of teology in the sphere of the living, understood not as a final cause, but as an order born from desire and leading to action.

Palabras clave: Principio de vida, psique, entelequía, vitalismo, teología, autonomía, individualidad, biología Aristotélica, Driesch

3. GENES, DETERMINISMOS Y SOCIOBIOLOGÍA: USOS Y ABUSOS DE LENGUAJES Y METÁFORAS EN BIOLOGÍA (Español)

Lucrecia Estigarribia. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba Capital, Argentina., lucreciaestigarribia@gmail.com Ariel Olmedo Giompliakis. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba Capital, Argentina., arolmedo06@gmail.com

This paper attempts to identify some of the conditions that enabled the revitalization of biological determinism in the second half of the twentieth century. It will analyze the simultaneous influence exerted by gene centrism, reductionist Positivism and a series of “traveling metaphors” that allowed the emergence of such an ambitious research program as sociobiology. It will then show that the emergence of this sub-discipline involves the reappearance of new variants of biological determinism. Due to linking the genetics of the twentieth century with some notions of Positivism, as well as a set of reified metaphors, a new biological determinism was accomplished. Finally, it will argue that despite the almost instantaneous rejection of sociobiology, the derivated “truth effects” from these discourses are installed in biology, influencing lexicons and methodologies.

Palabras clave: Centrismo genético, determinismo biológico, reduccionismo, metáfora reificación, "efecto de verdad", positivismo

4. EL PROBLEMA DE LA TRANSMISIÓN A DISTANCIA DE LAS ENFERMEDADES CONTAGIOSAS EN EL DE CONTAGIONE DE GIROLAMO FRACASTORO (Español)

Ruy J. Henríquez Garrido. Facultad de Filosofía, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España., ruyhenriquez@filos.ucm.es

Thanks to how Girolamo Fracastoro defines the different types of contagion in his book De contagione, et contagiosis morbis et eorum curatione, libri tres (1546), and his defense of the “seeds of contagion” (seedbed) as the cause of contagious diseases, he is considered today one parent of the modern epidemiology and microbiology. One of the crucial problems in this book is to explain the remote transmission of the contagious diseases refuting the etiologic use of the occult qualities. The aim of this study is to investigate the philosophical background of the problem and draw the conclusions that his solution had for medicine and for science in general.

Palabras clave: Fracastoro, contagio, enfermedad contagiosa, epidemia, semillero, semillas de enfermedad, cualidades ocultas, epistemología, tradiciones de investigación en medicina

5. LOS HECHOS Y LAS HIPÓTESIS EN LA FISIOLOGÍA FRANCESA DEL SIGLO XIX (Español)

José Luis González Recio. Departamento de Filosofía Teorética, Facultad de Filosofía, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, España., jlrg@filos.ucm.es

The historiographical studies focused on French nineteenth-century physiology have eventually enshrined the thesis that the need to resort to hypotheses was assumed and proclaimed for the first time within the works and scientific practice of Claude Bernard (1813-1888). His teacher, François Magendie (1783- 1855), is presented as a figure that fights against vitalism and that, devoted to an absolute empiricism, only admits the bare facts as constitutive elements of science. He accepted generalizations—as long as they were not premature— from what he called materials collected within experience, but rejected that ideas or hypotheses could lead the scientific path. Although this image of Magendie is widely shared —and was even prompted by some of his statements— this paper aims to show precisely that it is an image that does not correspond to reality. Magendie did know the crucial role of hypotheses within physiological research. Not only that; he used them extensively in his scientific work and in his activity as a researcher committed to the implementation of experimental
physiology.

Palabras clave: Magendie, observación, hechos, hipótesis, método experimental, psicología científica del siglo diecinueve

6. THE HYPOTHETICAL-DEDUCTIVE METHOD OR THE INFERENCE TO THE BEST EXPLANATION: THE CASE OF THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION BY NATURAL SELECTION (English)

Juan Ernesto Calderón. Departamento de Filosofía, Facultad de Filosofía, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina., jecalderon99@yahoo.com.ar

Critical rationalism sustains that the best way of evaluating scientific theories is through the hypothetical-deductive method. Scientific hypotheses are tested deducting observational conducts from them. The task of science is to refute hypotheses, which mandates to postulate other hypotheses which can surpass the previous ones in terms of their precision and explanatory content. However, according to the Duhem-Quine thesis, the problem is that a hypothesis can never be totally refuted. In view of this, the hypothetical- deductive method appears as extremely permissive, but minimally probative. The aims of this paper are to show that: (1) the so-called ‘inference to the best explanation’ gives a more adequate answer than the hypothetical-deductive method about how to evaluate scientific theories; (2) The theory of evolution by natural selection is a clear example of what is pointed out in (1).

Palabras clave: Inference to the best explanation, hypothetical-deductive method, Duhem-Quine theory, theory of evolution by natural selection.

7. LAS EMOCIONES COMO METAPROGRAMAS: LO QUE LA PSICOLOGÍA EVOLUCIONISTA NOS PUEDE ENSEÑAR SOBRE ÉSTAS (Español)

Andrea F. Melamed. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Buenos Aires; CONICET, Argentina., afmelamed@gmail.com

The problem of how to characterize emotions is still open. Different approaches have been grouped into two major views: on the one hand, cognitive theory holds that emotions are essentially constituted by some kind of evaluative judgment; on the other, perceptual theory denies that an evaluation of that sort is necessary for an emotion to occur. In this paper I examine the proposal of evolutionary psychology, specially in the face of emotion problems. In particular, I consider the possibility that their original conception of emotions as superordinate programs, could solve the dispute between the perceptual view and those that defend that a cognitive component, usually an appraisal, is required for an emotion to occur.

Palabras clave: Emoción, cognición, apreciación, percepción, programa, programa superordinario, psicología evolucionaria, adaptación.

8. ARTEFACTUALIDAD ANIMAL (Español)

Ana Cuevas Badallo. Departamento de Filosofía, Lógica y Estética, Facultad de Filosofía, Universidad de Salamanca, España., acuevas@usal.es

Traditionally, to make artifacts has been considered an exclusively human ability. Nevertheless, it is necessary to reconsider the exclusiveness of this capacity taking into account the latest developments in the area of ethological research. In order to provide an adequate answer to the question if other animals are able to create and use artifacts, we need to re-examine the notions of intentionality and artifact, as well the definition in ethology on usage and making of tools.

Palabras clave: Artefacto, uso y manufactura de herramientas, intencionalidad, aprendizaje social. aprendizaje cultural

9. UN MARCO SISTEMÁTICO PARA ENTENDER (Y ACASO PREDECIR) LAS RELACIONES VINCULANTES EN EL AMOR EN LAS PAREJAS (Español)

José de Jesús Padua. Posgrado en Filosofía de la Ciencia, Instituto de Investigaciones Filosóficas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México., josepadua@mac.com

Is it possible to predict a couple’s behavior? The main hypothesis is that through a certain criteria it can be not only defined, but also predicted. This criteria are: subjective factors about the amorousness’ experience, communication patterns, perception of time, humor, the oneself’s and the relationship’s definition according to each member of the couple, a common project, and sexuality. Each relationship and each member of the couple gets involved in different ways; this is called degree of involvement and is defined as the quantity of actions, emotions, thoughts and behaviors that each person does or has for the other. Another important indicator is the degree of inevitability: the lack of capability of a person or a couple to control their thoughts, behavior and their emotions towards the binding object.

Palabras clave: Experiencia amorosa, patrones de comunicación, percepción del tiempo, humor, definición de uno mismo, proyecto común, sexualidad, grado de involucramiento, grado de inevitabilidad.

10. LA ANTROPOLOGÍA BIOLÓGICA EXPERIMENTAL EN EL CONTEXTO DE LOS SISTEMAS COMPLEJOS (Español)

Vicente Dressino. Cátedra de Antropología Biológica IV. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina., vdressino@gmail.com

The use of the experimental method in biological anthropology has enabled us to solve a set of problems that could not be addressed using the classic methodologies within the descriptive-comparative method. However, from an epistemological perspective, experimentation implies a reductionist approach that is called seriously into question with the advent of complexity theories, due to the tension that is generated between them. Complexity theories does not reject the experimental method but places it in a different context, one in which experimental practice loses its privileged status as a method of validating knowledge. The aim of this study is to analyze the scope and limitations of the experimental method used in biological anthropology faced with the perspective of complexity theories. It will conclude that the shift from reductionist perspectives centered on experimentation to complex approaches focusing on integration represents a genuine paradigm shift, in Kuhn’s terms, both in the field of biology in general and in anthropology in particular.

Palabras clave: Antropología biológica, método experimental, teorías de complejidad, reduccionismo, integracionismo, epistemología, Kuhn, cambio de paradigmas.

11. RASGOS DE LA INTERPRETACIÓN ARQUEOLÓGICA. LA HIPÓTESIS SOBRE COMPARTIR ALIMENTOS EN EL PALEOLÍTICO (Español)

Aura Ponce de León. Centro de Estudios Filosóficos, Políticos y Sociales Vicente Lombardo Toledano – SEP, México., aura.cefpsvlt@gmail.com

An example of an archaeological interpretation of certain traces of hominid intervention over the environment is examined in order to show some aspects of its disciplinary reasoning: its hypothetical nature, its choice of certain types of evidence and certain models to interpret them. The example under consideration is the classic interpretation of Glynn Isaac about food sharing behavior, inferred from the particular spatial and qualitative configuration of a group of archaeological remains. It is stated that each interpretative choice that is made discards not only unacceptable alternatives, but also other possible and acceptable ones within the viewpoint with which they are made. It is proposed that the biases that lead to choose one over the others come from various sources: inclinations and beliefs of who investigates, their certainties on the bodies of information that are appropriate to interpret, the prevailing academic environment, the focuses of attention, among others. Emphasis on searching and evaluation of consistency and coherence in models and analogies is made. Finally, it is proposed that by accepting the fragmentary, approximate and hypothetical nature of archaeological explanation, it can be clearly seen how plausible, fruitful, interesting and informative it is.

Palabras clave: Interpretación arqueológica, conducta de compartir alimentos, arqueología paleolítica.

24 comentarios en “Ludus Vitalis. Revista de Filosofía de las Ciencias de la Vida”

  1. Estimada Sra / Sir ,
    ¿Me podría informar si hay subscripción en línea (online only) disponible para LUDUS VITALIS o simplemente imprimir ? Si es así , por favor envíame un precio de suscripción de la línea en 2015 .

    Estoy deseando escuchar de usted .

    Un cordial saludo,
    Katalin

  2. estimados amigos, estaría interesado en enviar un articulo para que valoraran su posible publicación en su revista. ¿Podrían, por favor, indicarme dónde acceder a las normas?

    muchas Gracias

    Alberto Gómez Castanedo

  3. Hola, me interesa saber cuándo subirán el No. 44 de ludus vitalis o si pueden enviarme uno de sus artículos en PDF. Saludos cordiales

  4. Estimados Ludus Vitalis
    Hice una búsqueda de varios autores vuestros
    y su buscador no me arrojó resultado. Coloqué por
    ejemplo Luis Eugenio Andrade y el buscador no
    dio resultado. Tengo el artículo en mano incluso.
    ¿Podrían revisar ésto? Gracias

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